Lecture 3

Front 1

Functions of skeletal tissue

Back 1

structure and protection, muscle attachment, leverage for movement, hemopoiesis, calcium and phosphate reservoir

Front 2

long bones

Back 2

upper and lowe limbs

Front 3

diaphysis

Back 3

long narrow shaft

Front 4

medullary cavity

Back 4

middle of the bone, hollow cavity

Front 5

epiphysis

Back 5

at either end of the long bone

Front 6

epiphyseal plate

Back 6

contains a zone of proliferating hyaline cartilage and serves as a zone in which hyaling cartilage is continyally produced and subsequently replaced by bone

Front 7

periosteum

Back 7

surrounding the long bone, except for the articular surfaces on the ends of the epiphyses, tough connective tissue

Front 8

endosteum

Back 8

within the medullary cavity, a delicate connective tissue membrane

Front 9

short bones

Back 9

cube-shaped or round

Front 10

flat bones

Back 10

skull bones, ribs, sternum, and scapulae

Front 11

irregular bones

Back 11

vertebrae and facial bones

Front 12

sesamoid bones

Back 12

where tendons cross the ends of long bones

Front 13

compact bone

Back 13

densely packed parallel lamina of bone matrix with lacunae compressed between the layers, walls of diaphysis long bone

Front 14

spongy bone

Back 14

hydroxyapatite in the form of small, branching, strands of bone that fuse with one another; found in the epiphyses and covered by a layer of compact bone

Front 15

yellow marrow

Back 15

fatty and associated with the distal ends of the long bones

Front 16

red marrow

Back 16

associated with the axial skeleton and the proximal ends of long bones, more in children

Front 17

fissure

Back 17

a narrow, cleft-like opening between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels and nerves pass

Front 18

foramen

Back 18

a hole through a bone into the medullary cavity through which pass vessles and nerves

Front 19

canal

Back 19

a foramen with some length and an orifice at each end

Front 20

meatus

Back 20

tube like passageway running within a bone with an orifice at only one end

Front 21

paranasal sinus

Back 21

air filled cavity within a bone connected to the nasal cavity

Front 22

groove

Back 22

furrow or depression that accomodates a soft structure such as blood vessle, nerve, or tendon

Front 23

fossa

Back 23

depression in or on a bone

Front 24

fovea

Back 24

little pit

Front 25

condyle

Back 25

large, rounded articular prominence

Front 26

head

Back 26

rounded articular projection supported on a constriced portion

Front 27

facet

Back 27

smooth, flat surface

Front 28

process

Back 28

prominent projection

Front 29

tubercle

Back 29

small rounded process

Front 30

tuberosity

Back 30

lare, rounded usually roughened process

Front 31

trochamter

Back 31

large blunt projections, found only on the femur

Front 32

crest

Back 32

prominent border or ridge

Front 33

spine

Back 33

very high ridge

Front 34

line

Back 34

less prominent ridge than a crest

Front 35

spinous process

Back 35

sharp slender process

Front 36

epicondyles

Back 36

prominence proximal to a condyle

Front 37

angle

Back 37

where the main part of a bone and a process are joined at different angles to eachother

Front 38

ramus

Back 38

branch off the body

Front 39

lingula

Back 39

flat tongue shaped process

Front 40

hamulus

Back 40

hook shaped process

Front 41

cornu

Back 41

horn shaped process

Front 42

fibroblast

Back 42

cell which primarly secretes collagen and other fibers

Front 43

fibrocytes

Back 43

cell which maintains the fibrous matrix in which its embedded

Front 44

chondroblast

Back 44

cell which secretes chondroitin sulfate

Front 45

chondrocytes

Back 45

maintains the chondroitin sulfate matrix

Front 46

osteoblast

Back 46

cell which secretes bone matrix

Front 47

osteocyte

Back 47

cell which maintains the bone matrix in which its embedded

Front 48

osteoclast

Back 48

cell which destroys bone matrix, releasing calcium salts

Front 49

ligaments

Back 49

connect bone to bone; less compact, more flattened

Front 50

Tendons

Back 50

connect muscle to bone

Front 51

joint

Back 51

where two bones meet

Front 52

articulation

Back 52

where a moveable joint is formed

Front 53

cartilaginous

Back 53

held together by cartilage, slightly movable

Front 54

synchondrosis

Back 54

formed by hyaline cartilage, holds two bones in close proximity, allows no movement

Front 55

symphysis

Back 55

held together by fibrocartilage, in the form of discs; allows very little movement

Front 56

fibrous

Back 56

held together by fibers, little mobility

Front 57

Suture

Back 57

irregular shaped edges that interlock with a fibrous membrance that holds the bones together

Front 58

gomphosis

Back 58

peg and socket type of joint; example between a tooth and its socket

Front 59

syndesmosis

Back 59

two bones are held together by a fibrous membrane, example-between radius and ulna and tibia and fibula

Front 60

synovial joint

Back 60

designed for mobility

Front 61

articular cartilage

Back 61

covers the surface of the bones joined together, consists of hyline cartilage and provides a smooth, low friction joint surface

Front 62

joint capsule

Back 62

entire joint is surrounded by this, continuous with the periosteal covering of the bones

Front 63

ligaments

Back 63

stabilize and limit movement of the joint, can tear if there is an excess of tensile strength

Front 64

fibrous capsule

Back 64

outer wall of the joint capsule

Front 65

stratum synovium

Back 65

secretes the synovial fluid and is referred to as the synovial membrane

Front 66

uniaxial joints

Back 66

move through one plane and around one axis; hinge joints (elbow) and pivot joints

Front 67

biaxial joints

Back 67

movement in two planes and around two axes; abduction and adduction and extension and flexion; ellipsoid joint

Front 68

triaxial joint

Back 68

movement capability in all three planes around all three axes. extension/flexion, abduction/adduction, medial/lateral rotation. Ball and socket joint

Front 69

nonaxial joint

Back 69

two relatively flat surfaces which slide over one another