Lecture 21 - Chapter 21 Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Spirochetes, Vibros

Front 1

Rickettsia

(can't gram stain)

Back 1

•Gram-negative

•Obligate intracellular parasite

•Non-motile

•True cell wall

•Arthropod, protist vectors, worms (lice, ticks, mice)

•Subdivisions based on disease caused

•Scrub typhus group

•Spotted fever group

•Typhus group

•Antibiotics: Chloramphenicol, Doxycycline

Front 2

Rickettsia: Spotted fever group

Back 2

•R. akari (Africa)

•R. australis (Australia)

•R. japonica (Japan)

•R.rickettsii (North America)

•Invade endothelial lining of vascular system (bleed under skin)

•Spotted fever group: damages cell membrane of host

Front 3

Rickettsia: Rocky Mountain spotted fever

(Canada & Hawaii, high mortality rate, vascular organ failure)

Back 3

•Altered mental status, Fever, intense & intractable headache, Petechial rash

•Invasion of the endothelial cells causes vasculitis and organ damage

•Antibiotics: Chloramphenicol,Doxycycline

Front 4

Rickettsia: Rickettsialpox

(black tissue)

Back 4

•Abdominal pains

•Chills

•Fever

•Formation of eschar at the bite site
•Headaches

•Profuse sweating

•Nausea
•Vomiting

Front 5

Rickettsia: Typhus group

Back 5

•R.prowazekii

•R.typhi

•Invade endothelial cells & replicate within cells

•Destroys host cells when burst out of host cell
•Antibiotics: Chloramphenicol, Doxycycline

Front 6

Rickettsia: Endemic typhus

(deadly)

Back 6

•Altered mental status

•High fever

•Intractable headache

•Rash that spares the palms & soles
•Antibiotics: Chloramphenicol, Doxycycline

Front 7

Rickettsia: Murine typhus

Back 7

•Altered mental status

•Fever

•Headaches

•Rash

•Antibiotics: Chloramphenicol, Doxycycline (obligate intracellular parasite), Macrolide

Front 8

Chlamydias

Back 8

•Gram negative

•Obligate intracellular parasite

•C.Trachomatis

•18 serovars

•A, B,Ba, C causes eye infections

•D-K causes genitourinary infections

Front 9

Chlamydia exist in 2 stages?

Back 9

•Elementary body (outside body infects)

•Reticulate body (inside can't infect)

Front 10

Chlamydia in the reticular body form?

Back 10

•In the reticular body form when it is within a host cell

•Able to produce DNA, RNA & proteins by itself, require ATP from the host cell to survive

Front 11

Chlamydia in the elementary body phase?

Back 11

•When the bacteria is ready to released into the extracellular space, chlamydia changes to the elementary body phase

•The elementary body is the infectious body & prevents the fusion of the lysosome & phagosome

Front 12

Chlamydia transmitted through sexual contact and vertical transmission causing?

Back 12

•Causes conjunctivitis & pneumonia
•Conjunctivitis become chronic keratoconjunctivitis (trachoma)

•Leads cause of blindness in the world

Front 13

Chlamydia genitourinary infections doesn't present with symptoms but may cause?

Back 13

•UTI symptoms

•Antibiotics: Cefoxitin, Doxycycline (obligate intracellular parasite), Macrolides, TMP-SMZ

Front 14

Spirochetes

Back 14

•Borrelia

•Leptospira

•Treponema

Front 15

Borrelia

(can't gram stain)

Back 15

•Motile,lack lipopolysaccharide, lack toxins, flagella located in between the 2 membranes

•B. Afzelii

•B. Burgdorferi

•B. Garinii

Front 16

Borrelia

Back 16

•Mites & Ticks vectors

•Initially localized in skin causes a characteristic rash

•Eventually disseminates through lymphatic system or blood

•Preference for CNS, eyes, heart,joints, skin

Front 17

Borrelia: Borreliosis(Lyme disease)

Back 17

•Divided into 3 stages

•Stage 1 presents with nonspecific symptoms (chills, fatigue, fever, myalgia (muscle pain) & Bullseye target rash

•Stage 2 starts with dissemination of bacteria & presents with musculoskeletal & neurological symptoms

•Stage 3 Chronic disease

Front 18

Treponema: Treponema pallidum

Back 18

•Causes syphilis

•Other T. pallidum sp. causes nonvenereal cutaneous diseases

Front 19

Treponema

Back 19

•Penetrates mucous membranes, enters lymphatic systems or blood

•Infects CNS

•Separated into 4 stages

•Primary (hard lesion syphilis infection chancre painless)

•Secondary (disseminated rash over body)

•Latent (little symptoms 10-15 yrs, not curable)

•Tertiary (neurosyphilis, nerve damage, CNS not curable, disfiguring)

Front 20

Leptospira

Back 20

•Aerobic

•Gram-negative

•Motile

•At least 7 serovars pathogenic

•Urinary shedding is primary mode of transmission

•Endotoxins and/or hemolysins are the most likely cause of tissue injuries

Front 21

Leptospirosis

Back 21

•Anicteric leptospirosis (multi-organ failure, fatal)
•Icteric leptospirosis (yellow liver damage)

•Fever, Headaches, Multi-Organ failure, Nausea, Vasculitis, Vomiting

•Antibiotics: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline or Penicillin G

Front 22

2 different typre of Leptospirosis?

Back 22

•Anicteric leptospirosis (multi-organ failure, fatal)

•Icteric leptospirosis (yellow liver damage)

Front 23

Vibrio

(spiral shape)

Back 23

•Facultative Anaerobe,

•Gram-negative

•Oxidase positive

•Motile

•Many strains are pathogenic

•V. Cholera (common death, NO antibiotics)

•V. Mimicus

•V. Parahaemolyticus
•V. Vulnificus

Front 24

Vibrio

Back 24

•Produces # of cytotoxin, hemolysin, lipase, protease

•Gastroenteritis (food borne illness, Doxycycline)

•Sepsis (Doxycycline)
•Wound infections (Doxycycline)
•IV rehydration or Oral, Self limiting

•Antibiotics: Doxycycline or fluoroquinolones for Non-Cholera infections