Lecture 1

Front 1

What does the term "anatomy" mean?

Back 1

To cut apart

Front 2

What does "gross anatomy" mean?

Back 2

The study of structures that can be readily observed without the aid of magnification

Front 3

What does "developmental anatomy" mean?

Back 3

Looking at structural changes that occur in organs and systems as they develop embryologically

Front 4

What does "neuroanatomy" mean?

Back 4

The study of the nervous system

Front 5

What does "morphology" mean?

Back 5

The study of form

Front 6

What is anatomical position?

Back 6

Standing erect, arms at the side, the face and palms of the hand directed forward, and the feet together with the toes directed forward. This puts the radius and ulna parallel to eachother

Front 7

What are planes?

Back 7

Imaginary flat surfaces that are formed by two intersecting lines.

Front 8

How many lines or axes define the human body and what are they?

Back 8

3 axes
Cranial-caudal (vertical) axis
Dorsal-ventral axis
Left-right (side-side) axis

Front 9

Describe the cranial caudal axis

Back 9

Goes straight down from head to tail

Front 10

Describe the dorsal-ventral axis

Back 10

Anterior-posterior in the anatomical position

Front 11

Describe the left right axis

Back 11

Transverse. Goes in one side and out the other

Front 12

How are planes formed and how many are there?

Back 12

Planes are formed by the interesection of 2 axes.
There are 3 planes

Front 13

Define the sagittal plane

Back 13

Vertical plane passing through the center of the body and dividing it into equal right and left halves.

Front 14

What axes interesect to make up the sagittal plane?

Back 14

Cranial-caudal and anterior-posterior (dorsal-ventral)

Front 15

What movements occur in the sagittal plane?

Back 15

Flexion and extension

Front 16

What is the axis of rotation for the sagittal plane?

Back 16

Left right axis

Front 17

Define the frontal (coronal) plane

Back 17

Perpendicular to both the sagittal and transverse planes and divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

Front 18

What axes intersect to form the frontal plane?

Back 18

Cranial-caudal and left-right

Front 19

What movements occur in the frontal plane?

Back 19

Abduction and adduction

Front 20

Define the transerve (cross-section) plane

Back 20

Perpendicular to sagittal and frontal planes; divides body into an upper (cranial) and a lower (caudal) portion

Front 21

What axes intersect to form the transverse plane?

Back 21

Left-right and anterior-posterior

Front 22

What is the axis of rotation of the frontal plane?

Back 22

Anterior-posterior axis

Front 23

What is the axis of rotation of the transverse plane?

Back 23

Cranial-caudal

Front 24

What plane does movement of the elbow joint occur in?

Back 24

Parasagittal plane

Front 25

Define ventral

Back 25

Toward or at the belly surface (syn.: anterior)

Front 26

Define Dorsal

Back 26

toward or at the back surface (syn.: posterior)

Front 27

Define anterior

Back 27

toward or at the front of the erect (anatomical position) body

Front 28

What are the three planes?

Back 28

Sagittal
Frontal (coronal)
Transverse (cross section)

Front 29

Define posterior

Back 29

toward or at the back of the back of the erect body

Front 30

Define palmar surface

Back 30

palm of hand

Front 31

Define dorsal surface

Back 31

back of hand and upper surface of the foot

Front 32

Define plantar surface

Back 32

sole of foot

Front 33

Define cranial

Back 33

toward the head

Front 34

Define caudal

Back 34

toward the "tail" or feet

Front 35

Define superior

Back 35

above or twoard the ehad (implies a relation to gravity)

Front 36

Define inferior

Back 36

below or away from the head; toward the lower part of the body (implies a relation to gravity)

Front 37

Define lateral

Back 37

toward the side

Front 38

Define medial

Back 38

toward the midline

Front 39

Define median

Back 39

the midline

Front 40

Define middle

Back 40

used for a structure lying between two others

Front 41

Define proximal

Back 41

toward the attachment of the limb to the trunk

Front 42

Define distal

Back 42

away from the base (attachment) of the limb

Front 43

Define superficial

Back 43

nearer to the surface of the body

Front 44

Define deep

Back 44

farther from the surface of the body

Front 45

Define ipsilateral

Back 45

on the same side of the body

Front 46

Define contralateral

Back 46

on opposite sides of the body

Front 47

Define supine

Back 47

position of body lying on back, palms facing upward

Front 48

Define prone

Back 48

position of body lying face down with palms facing downward

Front 49

Define radial

Back 49

refers to lateral in the upper limb

Front 50

Define ulnar

Back 50

refers to medial in the upper limb

Front 51

Define axis

Back 51

a real or imaginary straight line around which an object rotates

Front 52

Define flexion

Back 52

bending; a movement that takes place in a sagittal plane around a left-right axis; the prenatal position of the fetus is in a position of total body flexion

Front 53

Define extension

Back 53

the straightening out of a bent part; a movement that takes place in a sagittal plane around a left-right axis

Front 54

Define hyperextension

Back 54

movement of extension beyond that necessary to straighten a part (often pathological)

Front 55

Define abduction

Back 55

moving apart or away from the midline; a movement that takes place in a frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis

Front 56

Define adduction

Back 56

moving together or toward the midline of the body; a movement that takes place in a frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis

Front 57

Define circumduction

Back 57

a combination of successive movements of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in such a fashion that the distal end of the part being moved. This movement describes a circle

Front 58

Define rotation

Back 58

movement of a part of body around its long axis

Front 59

Define external (lateral) rotation

Back 59

in the uper limb--a movement of the shoulder joint such that the anterior axpect of the arm (biceps area) moves away from the body; in the lower limb-- a movement of the hip joint such that the anterior aspect of the thigh moves away from the body; the movement takes place in transverse plane around a longitudinal axis

Front 60

Define internal (medial) rotation

Back 60

in the upper limb-- a movement of the should joint such that the anterior aspect of the arm moves toward the body; in the lower limb-- a movement of the hip joint such that the anterior aspect of the thigh moves toward the body; the movement takes place in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis

Front 61

What plane does external rotation occur in?

Back 61

transverse plane

Front 62

What plane does internal rotation occur in?

Back 62

transverse plane

Front 63

What plane does abduction occur in?

Back 63

frontal plane

Front 64

What plane does adduction occur in?

Back 64

frontal plane

Front 65

What plane does extension occur in?

Back 65

sagittal plane

Front 66

What plane does flexion occur in?

Back 66

sagittal plane

Front 67

Define protraction

Back 67

a moving of a whole part forward

Front 68

Define retraction

Back 68

a moving of a whole part backward

Front 69

Define Pronation

Back 69

a medial rotation of the forearm in such a manner that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly; the movement takes place in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis

Front 70

Define supination

Back 70

a lateral rotation of the forearm in such a manner that the palm of the hand faces anteriorly; the movement takes place in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis

Front 71

What plane does pronation occur in?

Back 71

Transverse plane

Front 72

What plane does supination occur in?

Back 72

Transverse plane

Front 73

Define inversion

Back 73

movement of the foot so that the sole faces in a medial direction

Front 74

Define eversion

Back 74

movement of the foot so that the sole faces in a lateral direction

Front 75

Define lateral flexion of the trunk

Back 75

bending movement of the trunk to either side

Front 76

Define radial deviation (abduction) of the wrist

Back 76

movement of the hand at the wrist toward a radial direction

Front 77

Define ulnar deviation (adduction) of the wrist

Back 77

movement of the hand at the wrist toward an ulnar direction

Front 78

Define dorsiflexion

Back 78

movement, at the ankle joint, of the dorsum of the foot towards the anterior surface of the leg, or upward

Front 79

Define plantar flexion

Back 79

movement, at the ankle joint, of the sole of the foot toward the ground, or downward

Front 80

Define unilateral

Back 80

confined to one side only

Front 81

Define bilateral

Back 81

relating to, or having, two sides

Front 82

What parts are included in the upper extremity region?

Back 82

Shoulder
Arm (brachium)
Elbow, cubital
Forearm (antebrachium)
Hand

Front 83

What parts are included in the trunk region?

Back 83

Back
Thorax
Abdomen
Pelvis
Perineum

Front 84

What parts are included in the lower extremity region?

Back 84

Gluteal region
Thigh
Knee, popliteal region
Leg (crus)
Foot