Microbiology Lecture 1

Front 1

Why study microbiology (4)?

Back 1

Food contamination recalls

Arbovirus outbreaks in Florida (transmitted by mosquitoes)


New pharmaceuticals

Flu pandemics

Front 2

What are five items studied in microbiology?

Back 2

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
Algae

Front 3

What are six ways bacteria can be used?

Back 3

Degradation of toxic waste
Probiotics
Agricultural
Antibiotics
rDNA
Chemical industry

Front 4

Who created the early lenses? The early microscope?

Back 4

Janssen

Hooke

Front 5

Who is the father of microbiology for creating an early microscope at the Delft school?

Back 5

Anton van Leeuweenhoek

Front 6

Who were the first two to argue against spontaneous generation?

Back 6

Redi (1626-1698), flies did not arise from rotting meat.

Spallanzani, boiled flasks after sealing.

Front 7

Who brought an end to spontaneous generation? Describe his experiment

Back 7

Louis Pasteur created swan necked experiment: showed boiled liquids could remain sterile, even when exposed to the air.

Front 8

What is Pasteur's method?

What else did he find out during his experiments?

Back 8

Pasteurization, heating at moderate temperatures to kill microbes.

Discovered that fermentation of grapes to produce alcohol was due to a single living yeast.

Front 9

What did Tyndall do? What method did he create? Downside? What is the modern method?

Back 9

Reconfirmed Pasteur’s work.

Developed tyndallization , intermittent heating to 100 C to kill all life forms.

end product is changed

Today we have sterilization, autoclave

Front 10

What is germ theory? Who created it? Name an example

Back 10

Robert Koch developed ways to study bacteria individually through pure culture technique

Front 11

What are Koch's 4 postulates?

Back 11

1. Bacterium present in diseased host, not in healthy
2. Grow bacterium in pure culture outside host
3. Inoculate healthy host with bacterium, it must develop disease.
4. Re-isolate the bacterium from the host, it must be identical to original strain.

Front 12

Controlling microbial infections

Lister, developed BLANK BLANK
through development of BLANK, for used in surgical bandages. (1860’s)

Back 12

“antiseptic principles”

phenol

Front 13

BLANK BLANK, worked in Koch’s lab, worked to establish early basis of chemotherapy.

Back 13

Paul Ehrlich

Front 14

What are the four key events in immunology that were developed/discovered by the following people?

Jenner
Metchnikoff
Koch
Ehrlich

Back 14

Jenner, early vaccination studies.

Metchnikoff (1884) developed the theory that white blood cells, phagocytes, engulfed foreign particles and destroyed them.

Koch, antitoxins to diphtheria and tetnus, present in blood could cure some diseases

Ehrlich, demonstrated that antibodies, develop as a result of prior interaction with a pathogen.

Front 15

Modern microbiology

BLANK, 1972, spliced bacterial phage DNA, into the bacterial chromosome. (biotechnology)

BLANK and BLANK, 1973, inserted foreign DNA, into a plasmid or vector

BLANK, 1985, develops PCR technique.

Back 15

Berg

Boyer and Cohen

Mullis