Psychology Lecture Test 1

Front 1

why study memory?

Back 1

improve study & recall

Front 2

cognitive approach

Back 2

processes of memory

Front 3

neuroscience approach

Back 3

physiology of memory

Front 4

sensory memory

Back 4

iconic & echoic: when somebody says something to you and you ask what? and then you remember what they said [sperling]

Front 5

short term/working memory

Back 5

< 30 seconds, magical number 7- can recall 7 digits

Front 6

long term memory

Back 6

> 30 seconds to infinity, unlimited capacity

Front 7

encoding

Back 7

rehearsal, ebbinghaus, amount remembered depends on time spent learning

Front 8

spacing effect

Back 8

longer intervals= better recall, those who learn quickly also forget quickly

Front 9

primacy effect

Back 9

1st thing said

Front 10

serial position effect

Back 10

1st and last items, roediger & mcdermott

Front 11

chunking

Back 11

combining separate pieces of info into meaningful groups or chunks

Front 12

context dependent memory

Back 12

details of setting where info was encoded can serve as retrieval cues

Front 13

state dependent memory

Back 13

physical or mental condition may serve as retrieval cue

Front 14

rehearsal

Back 14

review or practice of material while learning it

Front 15

imagery

Back 15

associating information with mental images

Front 16

mnemonics

Back 16

pemdas, foil

Front 17

minimize interference

Back 17

don't study multiple subjects in same session, sleep

Front 18

context

Back 18

try to understand relevant background info, gives material meanings/associations

Front 19

spacing

Back 19

don't cram

Front 20

science

Back 20

knowledge gained by systematic study

Front 21

psychology

Back 21

the science of and application of knowledge regarding behavioral. psychological, and cogitive processes

Front 22

ways to draw conclusions

Back 22

observation, thinking/reasoning, information from others, scientific method

Front 23

descriptive research method

Back 23

describe and predict relationships

Front 24

experimental research method

Back 24

control variables and infer casualty

Front 25

correlation

Back 25

when two or more variables are related

Front 26

positive correlation

Back 26

both variables increase or decrease together

Front 27

negative correlation

Back 27

as one variable increases, the other decreases

Front 28

independent variable (iv)

Back 28

cause manipulated

Front 29

dependent variable

Back 29

effect observed/measured

Front 30

experimental condition

Back 30

participants exposed to the independent variable

Front 31

control condition

Back 31

participants not exposed to the independent variable

Front 32

social psychology

Back 32

individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as influenced by others

Front 33

fundamental attribution error

Back 33

tendency to assume internal attribution for the behaviors of others

Front 34

door in the face

Back 34

start huge then retreat

Front 35

foot in the door

Back 35

ask for something small, then bulid

Front 36

cognitive dissonance

Back 36

when behaviors and/or attitudes conflict, we feel discomfort

Front 37

bystander effect

Back 37

bystanders increase= help less likely

Front 38

social loafing

Back 38

reduced effort as work group size increases, latane, williams, & harkins

Front 39

obedience

Back 39

a form of compliance, following direct commands

Front 40

conformity

Back 40

solomon asch, yielding to real or imagined social pressure