Learning & Behavior

Front 1

Phobias develop because of which type of learning?

Back 1

classical conditioning

Front 2

which type of conditioning is most effective?

Back 2

when CS overlaps w/UCS (delayed conditioning)

Front 3

classical conditioning focuses on ____ behaviors while operant conditioning focuses on ____ behaviors

Back 3

- involuntary
- voluntary

Front 4

behavior increasing when attempting to extinguish it is known as

Back 4

extinction burst

Front 5

extinguised behavior restarting when R+ presented is known as

Back 5

spontaneous recovery

Front 6

chaining is done with ___ behaviors while shaping is done with ____ behaviors

Back 6

- complex
- simple

Front 7

short term memory is also known as ___ while long term memory is known as ___

Back 7

- primary memory
- secondary memory

Front 8

The two types of LTM are:
The are also called:
Which one is within your awareness/consciousness?

Back 8

- explicit (conscious)- declarative
- implicit (unconscious)- procedural

Front 9

The 2 types of declarative memories are:

Back 9

- semantic (facts & logic) and episodic (personal experiences)

Front 10

metacognition develops within which Piaget stage

Back 10

formal operational

Front 11

what are the 2 types of forgetting?

Back 11

retroactive inhibition- new info. cause you to forget old info.
proactive inhibition- old info. cause you to forget new info.

Front 12

Thorndike's 3 laws are:
Define them...

Back 12

-law of effect- responses followed by satisfaction will be repeated
-law of exercise- repeated responses will become bonded to a stimulus
-law of readiness- organism must be ready to perform

Front 13

3 Techniques that are based on counterconditioning:
what is another name used?

Back 13

-systematic desensitization
-assertiveness training
-sensate focus

-reciprocal inhibition

Front 14

2 techniques based on extinction:

Back 14

-flooding
-implosive therapy

Front 15

how are flooding and implosive therapy similar? how are they different?

Back 15

-similar because exposure to stimuli while preventing avoidance
-different because implosive is imaginal and psychodynamically focused

Front 16

2 techniques based on aversive conditioning:
which is least effective and why?

Back 16

-invivo aversive conditioning
-covert sensitization
-covert least effective because it's imaginal

Front 17

give an example of aversive conditioning...

Back 17

giving antabuse to alcoholics

Front 18

depressed people attribute their situation to what 3 things

Back 18

internal, stable, & global factors

Front 19

what is thinning?

Back 19

switching from continous R+ to intermittent R+

Front 20

Which R+ interval leads to lowest rate of responding & lowest resistance to extinction? Which R+ interval leads to highest rate of responding & highest resistance to extinction? Give example of each...

Back 20

-fixed interval (e.g., paycheck)
-variable ratio (e.g., gambling)

Front 21

Negative R+ leads to what 2 things...

Back 21

-escape & avoidance

Front 22

According to Mowrer's 2 factor theory how is classical conditioning related to avoidance?

Back 22

things associated w/aversiveness are avoided

Front 23

According to Mowrer's 2 factor theory how is operant conditioning related to avoidance?

Back 23

avoidance is a (-)R+ because anxiety decreases when certain things avoided

Front 24

a discriminative stimulus is...

Back 24

cue that behavior will be R+

Front 25

a s-delta stimulus is...

Back 25

cue that behavior will NOT be R+

Front 26

2 techniques based on R+ are?

Back 26

-shaping
-premack principle

Front 27

4 techniques based on punishment are?

Back 27

-time out
-overcorrection
-reponse cost
-differntial R+

Front 28

what is the zeigarnik effect?

Back 28

better memory for incomplete tasks

Front 29

What did Harlow state is important for learning?

Back 29

need to explore/curiousity

Front 30

What is the Yerkes-Dobson Law?
When is arousal optimal?

Back 30

-relationship between arousal and performance is U shaped
-high for simple tasks, low for complex tasks

Front 31

which memory tells you how to do things - procedural or declarative? which memory is difficult to forget?

Back 31

-procedural
-procedural

Front 32

what is a flashbulb memory?

Back 32

detailed memory of emotionally charged events

Front 33

which amnesia is most rare and is a sign of psychological not physiological impairment?

Back 33

retrograde (can't remember things before the traumatic event)

Front 34

what is photographic memory?
what is another name for it? is it more common in children or adults?

Back 34

mental picture
eidetic
children

Front 35

what is overlearning?
what is it most helpful for?

Back 35

-rehearsing something beyond mastery
-simple tasks

Front 36

what helps people not to forget newly learned info.?

Back 36

sleep

Front 37

Large amounts of information can be kept in short-term memory through the use of...

Back 37

chunking

Front 38

tension-reduction hypothesis proposed that alcohol consumption is due to?

Back 38

conditioning

Front 39

What does the NIMH call the aging effect?

Back 39

Age-Associated Memory Impairment