Learning And Memory

Front 1

The way in which we acquire new behavior

Back 1

Learning

Front 2

A decrease in response after a repetitive stimuli is given

Back 2

Habituation

Front 3

Recovery of the initial response to a stimuli; react the same as you did the first time.

Back 3

Dishabituation

Front 4

Traveling 5 hours on I-10 can lead to _________ from hearing similar noises. You eventually make an exit and your senses alter due to ___________

Back 4

Habituation; dishabituation

Front 5

Creating a pairing/association between 2 stimuli

Back 5

Associative learning

Front 6

2 types of associative learning

Back 6

Classical and operant conditioning

Front 7

What scientist is thought of when classical conditioning comes to mind?

Back 7

Ivan Pavlov

Front 8

Conditioning that takes advantage of biological responses

Back 8

Classical conditioning

Front 9

Stimuli that brings on a instinctive response

Back 9

Unconditioned stimuli

Front 10

Loss of a conditioned response over a matter of time

Back 10

Extinction

Front 11

Once extinction has occurred, if a small conditioned response is observed, this is known as

Back 11

Spontaneous recovery

Front 12

Generalization

Back 12

When a stimulus is relatively close/similar to a conditioned stimulus

Front 13

Young Albert was taught to b afraid of rats when presented with a loud noise. He now has a fear of rats, white rabbits, stuffed white animals, and white hair.

Back 13

Example of generalization

Front 14

Being able to differentiate between two similar stimulu

Back 14

Discrimination

Front 15

Being able to distinguish between two different notes of a flute or piano

Back 15

Example of discrimination

Front 16

Father of operant conditioning and behaviorism

Back 16

BF Skinner

Front 17

Seeks to increase the likelihood of a behavior being performed

Back 17

Reinforcement

Front 18

Positive reinforcement

Back 18

Increases a behavior by adding an incentive following a desired behavior

Front 19

A worker receives a raise for putting in overtime

Back 19

Example of positive reinforcement

Front 20

Increases behavior by removing and unpleasant stimuli

Back 20

Negative reinforcement

Front 21

When a child has a curfew lifted for having straight A’s

Back 21

Example of negative reinforcement

Front 22

Escape learning

Back 22

Type of negative reinforcement where you try to get out of something that has already happened (aspirin for a headache)

Front 23

Avoidance learning

Back 23

Trying to avoid a bad consequence before it happens (study for the MCAT so you don’t do badly)

Front 24

Seeks to decrease behavior through certain consequences

Back 24

Punishment

Front 25

Adds and unpleasant stimuli/punishment in order to reduce a behavior

Back 25

Positive punishment

Front 26

Example of positive punishment

Back 26

A parent spanking their child for yelling in the library when told not to

Front 27

Removing a pleasant stimulus when a behavior is unwarranted

Back 27

Negative punishment

Front 28

Jim’s moms takes always his PS5 after he received detention

Back 28

Negative punishment

Front 29

Reinforcement schedule in which the number of attempts at a reward changes, either prolonging or shortening the amount of attempts

Back 29

Variable ratio

Front 30

Most addictive reinforcement schedule; seen at casinos

Back 30

Variable ratio

Front 31

Reinforcement schedule that Offers a reward at a fixed amount of actions

Back 31

Fixed ratio

Front 32

Weakest of the reinforcement schedules

Back 32

Fixed interval- gives reward after a certain time elapses

Front 33

Rewarding increasingly specific behavior

Back 33

Shaping

Front 34

Learning that occurs naturally but is only demonstrated once a reward is presented

Back 34

Latent learning

Front 35

Trouble overcoming a primitive behavior

Back 35

Instinctive drift

Front 36

Neurons found in frontal and parietal lobes; fire when both doing a behavior and while watching one being done

Back 36

Mirror neurons (monkey see monkey do)

Front 37

Process of putting new info into nenory

Back 37

Encoding

Front 38

Controlled processing

Back 38

Things that take active attention and time to learn; flashcards

Front 39

Repetition of a piece of information to keep in your working memory or to store in your LTM

Back 39

Maintenance rehearsal

Front 40

Associating new knowledge with knowledge you already possess

Back 40

Elaborative rehearsal

Front 41

Unconscious long term memory

Back 41

Implicit memory

Front 42

The only branch of your implicit memory in which skills and tasks are kept subconsciously

Back 42

Procedural memory (riding a bike, walking)

Front 43

Explicit (conscious) memory is the umbrella to this type of memory

Back 43

Declarative- facts/events

Front 44

Declarative memory can break down into two categories. Ones is for events and experiences, while the other is for facts and concepts

Back 44

Episodic- events/experience

Semantic- facts/concepts

Front 45

Once you recognize one familiar things, a ton of other information registers with that one piece of information.

Back 45

Spreading activation

Front 46

Spreading activation is a type of

Back 46

Semantic network

Front 47

The presence of β amyloid plaques is evidence of

Back 47

Alzheimer’s

Front 48

State-dependent memory

Back 48

Better retrieval when you’re in the state in which you learned that information

Front 49

Loss of old memories

Back 49

Retrograde amnesia

Front 50

Inability to form new memories

Back 50

Anterograde amnesia

Front 51

Proactive interference

Back 51

Old memories hinder you from forming new information

Front 52

Retroactive interference

Back 52

New memories cause you to forget old ones

Front 53

Loss of ability to recognize objects, people, or sounds

Back 53

Agnosia