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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the synovial joints in the shoulder? |
1) Acromioclavicular joint 2) Glenohumeral joint |
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What are the movements of the shoulder? |
1) Flexion/extension 2) Abduction/adduction 3) Internal/external rotation 4) Combined - circumduction |
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What other movement of the shoulder is needed to complete abduction? |
External rotation |
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What are the movements of the elbow? |
1) Flexion/extension 2) Pronation/supination |
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What are the movements of the wrist? |
1) Flexion/extension 2) Abduction/adduction 3) Pronation/supination 4) Combined - circumduction |
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What are the anterior axio-apendicular muscles? |
1) Pectoralis major 2) Pectoralis minor 3) Subclavius 4) Serratus anterior |
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What do the anterior axio-apendicular muscles do? |
They move the pectoral girdle. |
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What is the origin of pectoralis major? |
1) Clavicular head: anterior surface of the medial 1/2 of clavicle
2) Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, 1- 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle |
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What is the insertion of pectoralis major? |
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus |
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What is the innervation of pectoralis major? |
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves |
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What is the blood supply to pectoralis major? |
Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk |
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What is the action of pectoralis major? |
Adduction and medial rotation of humerus |
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What is the origin of pectoralis minor? |
3rd - 5th ribs near their costal cartilages |
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What is the insertion of pectoralis minor? |
Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process |
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What is the innervation of pectoralis minor? |
Medial pectoral nerve |
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What is the blood supply of pectoralis minor? |
Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk |
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What is the action of pectoralis minor? |
Stabilises scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall |
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What is the origin of subclavius? |
Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage |
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What is the insertion of subclavius? |
Inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle |
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What is the innervation of subclavius? |
Subclavian nerve |
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What is the blood supply to subclavius? |
Clavicular branch of thoracoacromial trunk |
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What is the fuction of subclavius? |
Anchors and depresses clavicle |
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What is the origin of serratus anterior? |
Lateral surface of upper 8 - 9 ribs |
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What is the insertion of serratus anterior? |
Costal surface of medial border of scapula |
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What is the innervation of serratus anterior? |
Long thoracic nerve |
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What is the blood supply to serratus anterior? |
Upper part: lateral thoracic artery Lower part: thoracodorsal artery |
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What is the function of serratus anterior? |
Protraction and rotation of scapula |
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What are the scapulohumeral muscles? |
1) Deltoid 2) Teres major 3) Teres minor 4) Supraspinatous 5) Infraspinatous 6) Subscapularis |
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What is the origin of deltoid? |
Inferior edge of the crest of scapular spine, lateral margin of the acromion, anterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle. |
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What is the insertion of deltoid? |
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
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What is the innervation of deltoid? |
Axillary nerve |
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What is the blood supply to deltoid? |
Thoracoacromial artery, anterior and posterior humeral circumflex artery |
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What is the function of deltoid? |
Major abduction of the arm (after supraspinatous), flexion/extension of the arm. |
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What is the origin of teres major? |
Posterior surface of the inferior angle of scapula |
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What is the insertion of teres major? |
Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus on the anterior surface of humerus |
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What is the innervation of teres major? |
Inferior subscapular nerve |
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What is the blood supply of teres major? |
Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries |
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What is the function of teres major? |
Medial rotation and extension of humerus |
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What is the origin of teres minor? |
Upper 2/3 of the posterior surface of scapula immediately adjacent to the lateral border. |
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What is the insertion of teres minor? |
Inferior facet on the posterior of the greater tubercle of the humerus |
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What is the innervation of teres minor? |
Axillary nerve |
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What is the blood supply of teres minor? |
Posterior circumflex humeral artery and the circumflex scapular artery |
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What is the function of teres minor? |
Lateral rotation of the arm |
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What is the origin of supraspinatus? |
Medial 2/3 of the suprascapular fossa |
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What is the insertion of supraspinatus? |
Most superior facet on the greater tubercle of humerus |
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What is the innervation of supraspinatus? |
Suprascapular nerve |
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What is the blood supply of supraspinatus? |
Suprascapular artery |
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What is the function of supraspinatus? |
Initiation of abduction |
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What is the origin of infraspinatus? |
Medial 2/3 of the infraspinous fossa |
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What is the insertion of infraspinatus? |
Middle facet on posteior surface of the greater tubercle of humerus |
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What is the innervation of infraspinatus? |
Suprascapular nerve |
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What is the blood supply to infraspinatus? |
Suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries |
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What is the function of infraspinatus? |
Lateral rotation of humerus |
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What is the origin of subscapularis? |
Medial 2/3 of subscapular fossa |
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What is the insertion of subscapularis? |
Lesser tubercle of humerus |
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What is the innervation of subscapularis? |
Upper and lower subscapular nerves |
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What is the blood supply of subscapularis? |
Subscapular artery |
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What is the function of subscapularis? |
Medial rotation of the humerus |
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What are the muscles of the rotator cuff? |
1) Supraspinatus 2) Infraspinatus 3) Teres minor 4) Subscapularis |
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What are the ligaments of the shoulder? |
1) Glenohumeral ligaments (GHL) - superior, middle and inferior 2) Coraco-acromial ligament (CAL) 3) Coraco-clavicular ligaments (CCL) 4) Transverse humeral ligament (THL) |
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What do the GHL ligaments do? |
Create a water-tight seal round the glenohumeral joint and stabilise it |
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What do CCL do? |
Made from trapezoid and conoid ligaments that are strong ligaments attaching clavicle to the coracoid. |
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What does THL do? |
Holds the tendon of the long head of biceps within the intertubercular sulcus |
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What are the anterior muscles of the arm? |
1) Biceps brachii 2) Coracobrachialis 3) Bracialis |
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What is the origin of biceps brachii? |
Short head: tip of cocacoid process Long head: supraglenoid tubercle |
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What is the insertion of biceps brachii? |
Radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis |
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What is the innervation of biceps brachii? |
Musculocutaneous nerve |
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What is the blood supply of biceps brachii? |
Brachial artery |
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What is the function of biceps brachii? |
Supinates forearm, flexes forearm when supine. |
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What is the origin of coracobrachialis? |
Tip of coracoid process of scapula |
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What is the insertion of coracobrachialis? |
Middle 1/3 of medial surface of humerus |
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What is the innervation of coracobrachialis? |
Musculocutaneous nerve |
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What is the blood supply to coracobrachialis? |
Brachial artery |
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What is the function of coracobrachialis? |
Assists in flextion and adduction of the arm |
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What is the origin of brachialis? |
Distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus |
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What is the insertion of brachialis? |
Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna |
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What is the innervation of brachialis? |
Musculocutaneous and radial nerves |
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What is the blood supply of brachialis? |
Radial recurrent artery |
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What is the function of brachialis? |
Forearm flexion in all positions |
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What is the origin of triceps brachii? |
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove |
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What is the insertion of triceps brachii? |
Proximal end of olecranon process |
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What is the innervation of triceps brachii? |
Radial nerve |
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What is the blood supply of triceps brachii? |
Brachial artery |
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What is the function of triceps brachii? |
Chief extension of forearm |