Language Exam

Front 1

Language Production

Back 1

Idea to utterance

Front 2

Language Comprehension

Back 2

Perceiving and understanding language

Front 3

Tacit Knowledge

Back 3

Intuitive knowledge and know-hows --> Rooted in context, experience, practice, and values

Front 4

Explicit Knowledge

Back 4

Codified knowledge found in documents and databases

Front 5

Syntax

Back 5

Form --> Structure of language and grammar --> Sounds that make up words --> Phonemes, morphemes

Front 6

Semantics

Back 6

Content --> Meaning or the language --> Individual words used to create meaning --> Combination of words, lexicon --> Relations between words and their referents are arbitrary and symbolic

Front 7

Pragmatics

Back 7

Use --> Social language, feedback and response --> How to use language appropriately and strategically

Front 8

Morphology

Back 8

The study of the forms of words --> Number, person, tense, aspect

Front 9

Neurolinguistics

Back 9

Relationship between language and the structure and functioning of the brain

Front 10

Phones

Back 10

Speech sounds, a speech segment that possesses distinct physical/perceptual properties, and serves as the basic unit of phonetic analysis

Front 11

Phoneme

Back 11

Smallest structural unit

Front 12

Phonological Rule

Back 12

1. Voice/voiceless 2. Labial/coronal/dorsal 3. Stop/fricative

Front 13

Morpheme

Back 13

Smallest unit of meaning

Front 14

Linguistic Productivity

Back 14

Limitless ability to use language

Front 15

ASL

Back 15

Iconic rather than arbitrary --> Some signs resemble the objects/action that is being spoken about --> Minimal contrasts exist

Front 16

Prelinguistic Gestures

Back 16

Before spoken language --> Gestures --> Goal directed behaviour

Front 17

Reduplicative words

Back 17

A morphological process in which the root of the word is repeated with a slight change --> ex. Hocus-pocus, hodgepodge, hoity-toity

Front 18

Assimilation

Back 18

One sound becomes more like a nearby sound

Front 19

Nominals

Back 19

Category used to group together nouns and adjectives based on shared properties

Front 20

Modifiers

Back 20

Modify (change the meaning of) another element in the structure (dependent) --> Can be removed without affecting the grammar of the sentence

Front 21

Holophone

Back 21

Using one word to represent a more complex ideas --> ex. "Food" can mean "Give me food"

Front 22

Overextension

Back 22

A way of categorizing to describe a groups of things --> ex. "Kitty" for anything fluffy

Front 23

Agent-Action

Back 23

2-word utterances, noun-verb --> ex. "Eve read"

Front 24

Fis Phenomenon

Back 24

Mispronouncing words

Front 25

Feral Children

Back 25

Critical period, imprinting

Front 26

Motherese

Back 26

Baby talk

Front 27

Broca's Aphasia

Back 27

Language reception, understand spoken language, inability to produce words/sentences

Front 28

Wernicke's Aphasia

Back 28

Receptive language defect, inability to understand language

Front 29

Chomsky's Theory of Language Development

Back 29

Predisposition to learn language

Front 30

Allophone

Back 30

Any of the speech sounds that represent a single phoneme --> /k/ sKirt vs Kit

Front 31

Homophone

Back 31

2+ words having the same pronunciation but different meanings, origins, or spelling --> knew vs new

Front 32

Logograph

Back 32

A sign or character representing a word or phrase, shorthand --> & vs and

Front 33

Supresegmentals

Back 33

Parasitic features like stress in intonation --> Language features

Front 34

Tenor

Back 34

Topic

Front 35

Vehicle

Back 35

Predicted Topic

Front 36

Ground

Back 36

Implied similarity

Front 37

Agent

Back 37

Active role

Front 38

Recipient

Back 38

Recieving

Front 39

Locutionary Act

Back 39

Act of saying something

Front 40

Illocutionary Act

Back 40

Action that is performed by saying the sentence

Front 41

Parsing

Back 41

The process of assigning words into grammatical categories --> Phrase markers

Front 42

Minimal Attachment

Back 42

First attempt to interpret sentences with simple syntactic structures

Front 43

Class Inclusion

Back 43

Understanding metaphors as literal speech

Front 44

Phrase Markers

Back 44

A representation of the constituent structure of a sentence --> Tree diagram

Front 45

Late Closure Strategy

Back 45

Adverb modifying the verb --> "The doctor said the patient will die yesterday"

Front 46

Immediacy Principle

Back 46

Immediately interpreting words as we encounter them

Front 47

Figurative Language

Back 47

Language that uses words/expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation --> Proverb, idiocism, metaphor, similie

Front 48

Metaphor

Back 48

Portrayal of something else --> "Heart of stone"

Front 49

Lexeme

Back 49

Phonological aspects of word knowledge --> /k/ /s/ /r/

Front 50

Lemma

Back 50

Hierarchical model of finding a word

Front 51

TOT

Back 51

Tip of the tongue --> Trying to pronounce words

Front 52

Cognitive Economy

Back 52

Information needs to be stored in one place only --> Highest point

Front 53

Spreading Activation Model

Back 53

Web of interconnecting nodes and links --> Closely related concepts --> not phonological, syntactic, and morphological aspects/words

Front 54

Lexical Access

Back 54

The process of basic sounds --> Meaning connections of a language are actual

Front 55

Denotation

Back 55

Dictionary meaning/definition

Front 56

Connotation

Back 56

Aspects of a meaning that go beyond word descriptions --> Feelings

Front 57

Sentence

Back 57

Meaning of a word

Front 58

Reference

Back 58

The relationship

Front 59

Referent

Back 59

The person/object referred to

Front 60

Synonym

Back 60

2 words meaning the same thing --> Shut vs close

Front 61

Hypernym

Back 61

A word within a broad meaning that can be more specific --> A subordinate --> Colour is a hypernym for red

Front 62

Hyponym

Back 62

A word with a specific meaning that is specific --> Spoon is a hyponym for cutlery