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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cognition |
mental process of thinking and knowing |
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Language |
our most complex cognitive ability - an organized means to communicate by combining words |
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Language Production |
the process of using movement to produce speech - also can encompass signing by using hand signals |
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Language Comprehension |
the process of understanding spoken, written or signed language |
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Phoneme |
the smallest unit of language, an individual sound |
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Phonology |
the study of how individual sounds or phonemes are used to produce language |
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Morpheme |
the smallest unit of meaning in language |
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Semantics |
the study of how meaning in language is constructed of individual words and sentences |
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Lexical Meaning |
dictionary meaning of a word |
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Syntax |
the grammatical positioning of words in a sentence |
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Pragmatics |
the practical aspects of language usage, including speech pace, gesturing, and body language |
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Nonverbal Communication |
body language |
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Babbling |
babies production of meaningless sounds |
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Telegraphic Speech |
speech that consists of minimalistic sentences - characterizes early toddlerhood and is the first evidence of sentence formation |
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Critical Period |
a time during development after which we cannot develop certain capabilities |
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Sensitive Period |
a time during development after which it becomes more difficult to develop certain capabilities |
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Child-directed Speech |
speech characterized by exaggerated emotional responses and a slower pace that is common among caregivers communicating with babies and young children |
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Overregularization |
the process by which preschool age children apply general grammatical rules to words that are exceptions |
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Broca's Area |
a region in the frontal lobe near the motor cortex that is important for speech production |
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Broca's Aphasia |
a neurological condition arising from damage to the brain where the patient is unable to produce coherent speech |
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Agrammatism |
a neurological condition arising from damage to the brain where the patient is incapable of using words in grammatical sequence |
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Wernicke's Area |
a brain region located in the temporal lobe that is important for language comprehension |
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Wernicke's Aphasia |
a neurological condition associated with damage to the brain so that a person cannot understand language |
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Mental Imagery |
thoughts that involve conjuring up internal representations of stored sensory input |
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Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis |
the idea that the vocabulary available for objects or concepts in a language influences how speakers of that language think about them |
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Cognitive Control |
the ability to direct thought in accord with one's intentions |
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Problem Solving |
determining how to reach a goal |
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Algorithm |
problem-solving strategy that always leads to a solution |
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Heuristic |
shortcut thinking strategy |
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Mental Set |
tendency to use problem-solving strategies that have worked in the past |
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Functional Fixedness |
tendency to view objects as having only one function |
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Confirmation Bias |
tendency to look for information that meets our expectations |
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Decision Making |
evaluating and choosing from among options |
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Representativeness Heuristic |
classifying something based on how similar it seems to a typical case in a given category |
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Availability Heuristic |
judging easily recalled events as more common |
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Metacognition |
thinking about ones own thoughts |
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Mirror Neurons |
Neurons located in the frontal and parietal cortex, which respond similarly when the individual engages in an activity and when the individual watches someone else engage in the activity |
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Obsessive-compulsive Disorder |
a mental disorder associated with abnormal anxiety-provoking thoughts that can lead to ritualistic behaviors |
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Schizophrenia |
a mental disorder characterized by disorganized thought, lack of contact with reality, and sometimes auditory hallucinations |
