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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The most common cause of undercompression is:
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inadequate compression by the mammographer
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In establishing processor quality control (QC) the high average density is generally the density closets to
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2.20
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Ductal Papilloma is
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benign growths involving the milk ducts
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In high contrast imaging or conventional imaging...
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bright light is needed to see skin detail
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What could be used when imaging extremely small breasts in the CC postion?
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spatula
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In the TAN projection any tube angulation will depend on
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the location of the abnormality
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Two emulsions are compared on a characteristic curve. the higher contrast film will
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have the steeper slope
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The retromammary space is filled with
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Adipose tissue
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In compression on the XCCL projection, the affected arm should
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be raised, with hand resting or holding onto the bar of the unit
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Between ages 20 and 39, a woman should have a CBE every
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3 years
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Regardless of the reason, if the proper amount of compression cannot be applied what must happen?
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it must be documented on the patients history form
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which section of the breast is poorly visualized on the CC projection
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Lateral
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The Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) mandates that the average glandular dose received per projection/position during routine screen - film mammography cannot exceed
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300 mrad
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A film was accidentally bent prior to loading into the mammography cassette. if this film is used in mammography screening, an artifact would appear as
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A minus density artifact
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Montgomery glands are specialized
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sebaceous glands
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Pagets disease of the breast is a
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form of carcinoma associated with changes of the nipple
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what is the major disadvantage of magnification
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increased patient dose
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The minimum and maximum kvp of a mammography unit depends on which factors
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target and filtration material selected
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For the daily processor QC, the mid density should remain within
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+ or - 0.15 of established levels
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The inframammary crease is located at approximately the level of the
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sixth to seventh rib
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identify the lactiferous sinus
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Site C
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in the CC projection , a technique especially useful in maximizing the amount of lateral breast tissue imaged on the small breasted patient with rounded shoulders is
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5 degree lateral tube rotation
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The primary purpose of the grid in mammography is to
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increase subject contrast
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A palpable mass that is not seen on a diagnostic mammogram generally means that
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other diagnostic testing must be considered
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Which of the following patients has the greatest risk for breast cancer?
A) a nulliparous woman at age 40 B) a never married woman C) a woman age 70 D) a woman age 30 |
C
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A mammographer using a 0.1mm focal spot size is most likely performing
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magnification imaging
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The developer temperature should always be
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+ or - 0.5°F of the manufacturers recommendation
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The base of the breast refers to
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area adjacent to the chest wall
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Fibrous tissues are presented radiographically as
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white or denser areas
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The MLO projection demonstrates a large encapsulated lesion occupying almost the entire breast. the contour is sharp and the lesion is radiolucent. this lesion is likely to be
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lipoma
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Contaminated developer will likely result
1) decreased film speed 2) increased image receptor contrast 3) increased film base density |
1 and 3 only
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Why is the specimen magnified |
to visualized calcifications within the specimen |
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In digital mammography, a grossly underexposed image
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appears excessively noisy
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Which of the following patients is likely to be diagnosed with pathological gynecomastia:
A) a lactating woman B) elderly man C) premenopausal woman D) young man |
B) elderly man
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If the humidity in the dark room drops lower than 30%, the result is
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static patterns on film
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Over the age if 49, it is recommended that women have a CBE every
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year
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Fibrous and glandular tissues are more ______________ than fatty tissue and result in areas of _________ optical density on a radiograph
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radiopaque/lower
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Which of the following involves the use of a thin needle to remove cell samples from a suspected cancerous lesion in the breast for cytological analysis
A) core biopsy B) excisional biopsy C) needle localization D) Fine needle Aspiration |
Fine needle aspiration
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A lesion is superimposed by breast tissue in the CC projection. A projection used to demonstrate the lesion in the same projection and free of superimposition is the
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RM
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Involution of the breast describes a process by which
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breast epithelium decreases because of postmenopausal changes
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In the dedicated mammography unit, the single intensifying screen is positioned in contact with the film emulsion on
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the side of the IR away from the xray source
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The breast can be imaged in the FB projection
1) to improve visualization of lesions in uppermost aspect of breast by reducing the OID 2) during needle localizations to provide a shorter route to inferior lesions 3)to maximize the amount of tissue visualized on patients with kyphosis |
1,2, and 3
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Mercury in a glass type thermometer is not recommend for use in QC testing because
1) mercury is potentially inaccurate 2) mercury is a potential source of contamination 3) glass type thermometers may break |
2 and 3 only
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The HVL of the xray beam is measured with a
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quality control dosimeter
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A magnification image of breast shows several oval shaped radiolucent lesions with eggshell - like calcifications. These are most likely to be
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oil cysts
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Today all mammographers must have
1) satisfied the interim requirements of the FDA 2) completed at least 40 contact hours of documented training in mammography 3) performed at least 25 examinations under direct supervision of a qualified mammographer |
1,2, and 3
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The criteria for a properly positioned MLO includes:
1) A concave pectoral muscle on the anterior border 2) fat visualized posterior to the fibroglandular tissues 3) an open IMF |
2 and 3 only
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A benign inflammatory condition of the lactiferous ducts leading to nipple discharge, nipple inversion, or periareolar sepsis is called
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ductal ectasia
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The cells lining the alveoli in the lobules are called
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epithelial cells
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Using a cassette with poor film screen contact will result in
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localized unsharpness
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A technique describing reshaping of the breast is called
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mammoplasty
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Failure of the hyporetention test will result in what type of long term artifact marks on the image
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yellow brown stains
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Imaging males will present the same difficulty as imaging small, firm breasted females. An added problem may be that
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hair on the chest of males males compression difficult
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Which of the following are considered agencies granting accreditation under FDA regulation?
1)ACR 2) ARRT 3) NY state department of health |
1 only
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Which alternative projection could be used, in addition to the CC, in imaging a patient with a prominent pacemaker?
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Lateromedial oblique LMO
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