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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of algae are the closest relatives of land plants? |
charophytes |
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What do charophytes share with land plants that other green algae don't? |
asymmetric motile flagellated cells |
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5 challenges for plants living on land |
water balance, water transport, gas transport, reproduction, structural support |
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cuticle |
waxy coating |
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how does the cuticle help plants live on land? |
prevents drying out, protects against UV |
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stomata |
small pores through the cuticle, with guard cells to control rate of exchange |
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Why don't plants need stomata in water? |
Cuticle keeps CO2 out. |
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what was the first adaptation plants made for living on land? |
cuticle |
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which plant has no stomata? |
liverworts |
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What adaptations to land do mosses have? |
cuticle, stomata |
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types of vascular tissue |
phloem, xylem |
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function of phloem |
transport sugar |
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function of xylem |
transport water and mineral ions |
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function of lignin |
stop xylem cells collapsing |
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benefit of stems, roots, and leaves |
specialisation->greater efficiency |
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what features of higher plants are present in ferns but not mosses? |
phloem, lignin, roots-leaves-stems |
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how does secondary growth help plants live on land? |
greater structural support, bigger and taller |
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secondary growth |
dead, dry cells provide structural support and retain vascular funtion |
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what is the dominant generation in mosses? |
gametophyte |
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important of mosses to Australian ecosystems |
soil crusts |
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green algae life cycle |
haploid gametophyte produces haploid egg and sperm. egg and sperm fuse to make dibloid zygote. zygote undergoes miosis to make haplod spores. spores undergo mitosis to create gametophyte |
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What happens in the moss life cycle that doesnt happen in green algae? |
zygote doesnt undergo meisis right away, and instead undergoes mitosis to grow into diploid sporophyte |
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sphagnum |
peat moss |
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use of sphagnum in WW1 |
wound dressing |
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key feature of sphagnum |
super absorbant |
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sphagnum importance to australian ecosystem |
store water and exchange ions |
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sphagnum leaf structure |
living photosynthetic cells and large, empty hyaline cells |
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what makes sphangnum so absorbant? |
large, empty hyaline cells |
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what feature of ferns means they are still reliant on free water for reproduction? |
motile gametes |
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what generation is dominant in ferns? |
sphorophite |
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in ferns and mosses, what surrounds the egg? |
archegonium |
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in ferns and mosses, what surrounds the motile sperm? |
antheridia |
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description of fern gametophyte |
small, heatshaped; no vascular tishue |
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description of moss gametophyte |
small leafy stems |
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description of moss sporophyte |
taller stem. |
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what structural feature do seed plants have that ferns do not? |
secondary growth |
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sub classes of seed plants |
conifers, angiosperms |
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which plants produce only one type of spore? |
liverworts, mosses and ferns |
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female spore type |
megaspores |
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male spore type |
microspores, ie pollen |
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seed |
female gametophyte and embryo is enclosed within an ovule, and is nourished by parent plant |
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where are megaspores produced? |
ovules |
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what produces secondary vascular tissue? |
vascular cambian |
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what do megaspores grow into? |
mega-gametophyte |
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what do microspores grow into? |
micro-gametophyte |
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what does the mega-gametophyte produce? |
egg |
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what does the micro-gametophyte produce? |
sperm |
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sporangium |
container |
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integument |
protective coating |
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ovule |
sporangium surrounded by integument |
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seeds develop from... |
fertilised ovules |
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how many functional spores are retained in the ovule? |
1 |
