Lab Quiz, Acid-Base Balance

Front 1

term used to denote hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids

Back 1

pH

Front 2

substance that releases H+ in solution

Back 2

acid

Front 3

substance that binds to H+ in solution

Back 3

base

Front 4

condition in which the human body's pH levels fall below 7.35

Back 4

acidosis

Front 5

condition in which the human body's pH levels rise above 7.45

Back 5

alkalosis

Front 6

mixes with water in the blood to form carbonic acid

Back 6

carbon dioxde

Front 7

What is the normal range of pH levels of blood and tissue fluids in the human body?

Back 7

7.35-7.45

Front 8

What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

Back 8

Strong acid completely dissociates in water, weak does not

Front 9

What is the difference between a strong base and a weak base?

Back 9

Strong base completely dissociates in water, weak does not

Front 10

What is the difference between respiratory acidosis/alkalosis and metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

Back 10

Respiratory is CO2, metabolic is bicarb

Front 11

What are the body's two major physiological buffer systems for compensating for acid/base imbalances?

Back 11

Lungs and kidneys

Front 12

What are some of the causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Back 12

Lung disease, asthma, pnemonia

Front 13

What are some of the causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Back 13

Hyperventilation

Front 14

What happens to blood pH levels during hyperventilation? Why?

Back 14

Increase because CO2 has decreased getting rid of too much CO2

Front 15

What happens to the blood pH levels during rebreathing? Why?

Back 15

pH decreases and CO2 goes up, retaining CO2

Front 16

How does the renal system compensate for conditions of respiratory acidosis?

Back 16

Retaining bicarb and getting rid of H+ ions

Front 17

How does the renal system compensate for conditions of respiratory alkalosis?

Back 17

Retaining hydrogen and getting rid of bicarb

Front 18

What are some of the causes of metabolic acidosis?

Back 18

Uncontrolled diabetes, aspirin overdose, renal failure

Front 19

What are some of the causes of metabolic alkalosis?

Back 19

Diuretics, laxatives, vomiting

Front 20

Explain how the respiratory system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis

Back 20

Acidosis - increase respiratory rate, get rid of CO2
Alkalosis - decrease respiratory rate, get more CO2

Front 21

Explain how the renal system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis

Back 21

Acidosis - Retain bicarb and get rid of H+
Alkalosis - Retain H+ and get rid of bicarb

Front 22

What acid-base imbalance occurs with hyperventilation?

Back 22

Respiratory Alkalosis

Front 23

What happens to the tidal volume during hyperventilation?

Back 23

TV decreased

Front 24

What is the effect on pH over time with rebreathing?

Back 24

Decreased

Front 25

Does rebreathing result in acidosis or alkalosis? Why?

Back 25

Acidosis due to the increase in CO2 which is an acid

Front 26

List some causes that would mimic the patterns of pH and CO2 levels seen in this rebreathing stimulation

Back 26

Pulmonary congestion; COPD; pnemonia

Front 27

Describe how the pH of the blood changes with an increase in the level of CO2

Back 27

decreases because CO2 is an acid, so an increase causes H+ to increase, which results in a lower pH

Front 28

What happened to the level of H+ in the urine as the level of CO2 decreased?

Back 28

decreased

Front 29

Explain how the renal system compensates for respiratory alkalosis

Back 29

Holds back H+ ions and secretes bicarb ions

Front 30

What type of breathing results in respiratory acidosis?

Back 30

Rebreathing

Front 31

What waste product is increased with an increased rate of metabolism?

Back 31

CO2

Front 32

Which metabolic rates results in metabolic acidosis?

Back 32

Increased metabolic rate

Front 33

What metabolic rates resulted in metabolic alkalosis?

Back 33

Decreased metabolism