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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heat fixing
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Kills the bacteria, makes them adhere to the slide, and coagulates cytoplasmic proteins to make them more visible.
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Bacterial smear method
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1. Place a small drop of water on slide
2. Mix the bacteria into the water 3. Spread the liquid over the slide 4. Flame loop 5. Allow slide to dry 6. Pass smear through flame 2 or 3 times |
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Basic stain
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Cell morphology, size, and arrangement
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Differential stain
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Differences between organisms or differences between parts of the same organism
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Special stain
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Cellular attributes: capsule, spores, flagella
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Crystal violet stains...
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Violet
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Methylene blue stains...
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Blue
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Safranin stains...
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Red/orange
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Steps of a simple stain
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1. Place a small drop of water on slide
2. Mix the bacteria into the water 3. Spread the liquid over the slide 4. Flame loop 5. Allow slide to dry 6. Pass smear through flame 2 or 3 times 7. Cover smear with stain 8. Rinse slide with water 9. Pat dry with bibulous paper |
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Chromogen
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A colored molecule
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Ansechrome
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Charged portion of a chromagen that allows it to act as a dye through ionic covalent bonds between the chromogen and the cell
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Gram-negative cells
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- Appear reddish-pink
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Gram-positive cells
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- Appear purple
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E. coli
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- Gram-negative
- Reddish-pink - Bacilli |
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S. epidermidis
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- Gram-positive
- Purple - Cocci |
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Crystal violet
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Primary stain
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Iodine
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Mordant to enhance crystal violet straining
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Safranin
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- Counter stain
- Decolorization is the most critical step in the procedure. - Gram-negative cells are decolorized by the solution, and are thus colorized by the counterstain. - Alcohol extracts the lipids, making the Gram-negative wall more porous thus allowing the cyrstal violet and iodine to leak out |
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Gram staining method
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1. Add very small drop of water to slide
2. Flame loop 3. Mix and spread 1st bacteria 4. Flame loop 5. Mix and spread 2nd bacteria 6. Flame loop 7. Let slide dry completely 8. Heat fix |
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Gram staining method
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Crystal violet: 2 droppers, 1-2 minutes
Tip and drain: no rinse Iodine: 2 droppers; 1-2 minutes Rinse with H20 Alcohol: 4 droppers Rinse with H20 quickly and gently Safranin: 2 droppers; 1-2 minutes Rinse with H20 Blot with bibulous paper |
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Staphylo
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Clusters
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Spirilum
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Spiral
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Strepto
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Chains
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Coccus
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Round
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Bacilli
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Rod
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Germicide
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Chemicals designed to reduce the number of pathogens on a surface, in a liquird, or on/in living tissues
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Disinfectant
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Germicidess designed for use on surfaces (floors, tables, countertops, instruments, etc)
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Antiseptic
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Germicides designed for use on/in living tissues
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