Lab Final

Front 1

measuremetn of measure, flow and oxygenation arterial pressure includes: CVP, PAWP, CO/CI, SV, SaO2 SvO2

Back 1

Hemodynamics

Front 2

volume pumped by heart in 1 minute

Back 2

CO

Front 3

adjusted for body size

Back 3

CI

Front 4

volume pumped with eat heartbeat

Back 4

SV

Front 5

resistance to flow by the vessels

Back 5

SVR, PVR

Front 6

pressuer generated by volume in a a cardiac centricle chamber at end of diastole,

Back 6

preload

Front 7

LV end diastolic preload

Back 7

PAWP

Front 8

rt ventricle preload

Back 8

CVP

Front 9

volume ejected from vent wtih each hreat beat (40-60%)

Back 9

EF

Front 10

force opposing vent. ejection SVR + atrial pressures = LV afterload

Back 10

afterload

Front 11

increased workload of heart, vasoconstriction outflow obstr (aortic stenosis)

Back 11

increased afterload

Front 12

strength of contraction; positive inotropes will increase contractility -depa, dobut, isoproterenol, primecor
negative inotropes will decrease contractility, alcohol, pronestyl, CCB, barbituates

Back 12

contractility

Front 13

4 IC at sternum, mid axillary line to level invasive lines

Back 13

phlebostatic axis

Front 14

b/p and MAP, radial, femoral, brachial, complications: hemorrhage, infection, thrombus, neruovasc. impairment, flush (heparinized saline), meassure bag inflated-1-3 mL per hour

Back 14

Art Line

Front 15

PAD + PAW-indicate fluid volume + cardiac function increased with overload and heart failure, decrease volume deficit

Back 15

PA Cath

Front 16

monitor pressures, mixed venous samples

Back 16

PA port

Front 17

for CVP, project CO, draw labs

Back 17

RA port

Front 18

PAS peak, PAD lowest PA mean-average, end expiration

Back 18

PAP

Front 19

inflation; risk rupture of PA

Back 19

PAW

Front 20

take mean pressure, waveform similart o PA waveform, if increased RV failure or volume overload, if decreased=hypovolemia

Back 20

CVP

Front 21

2.2-4L/min/m2; decreased wtih hypovolemia, cardiogenic shock, heart failure, increased: hyperdynamic, fever,sepsis, thermodilution is continuous-uses heat filamnet, injectate 3X take average

Back 21

CI

Front 22

measured when CO measured
increases: vasoconstriction-shock, LV failure, epi
decreased: vasodilation-sepsis, septic shock, neurogenic shock,

Back 22

SVR

Front 23

determines adequacy of tissue oxygenation, oxygenation, tissue perfusion and tissue O2 consumpt. 60-80% normal at rest, decreased O@, low CO, low Hgb., increased O2 consumpt. increased improvement sepsis, paralysis

Back 23

SVO2

Front 24

infection/sepsis, air embolus, pulm. infarction, PA rupture, vent arrhythmias

Back 24

PA cath complications

Front 25

decreased afterload, confirm placement X-ray, systole= balloon decrease, early diastole= blood to coronaries,
late diastole-asssited systole

Back 25

balloon pump

Front 26

dislodged plaques, aortic dissection, compromised distal circulation, smashes platelets-thrombocytopenia, leak-helium gas embolus
immoble-HOB decrease 45 degrees
no flexing of legs
ratios: 1:1, 1:2

Back 26

balloon pump complications

Front 27

chemical reset, cardioversion, use for sinus tach, uncontrolled rate, will get asystole for 6 sec. then should get rhythm back

Back 27

adenosine

Front 28

like a low shock, syncs rhythm with QRS

Back 28

sync cardioversion

Front 29

uncontrolled A fib, a flutter

Back 29

cardiazem

Front 30

OLD drug for multiple PVCs and other ventricular arrhythmias,

Back 30

Lidocaine

Front 31

NEW drug for multiple PVCs and otehr ventriuclar arrhythmias

Back 31

amiodarone

Front 32

treats tachy if pt. has good B/P (olols)-metopropolol

Back 32

beta blockers

Front 33

treats asystole, V tach, V fib

Back 33

epinephrine

Front 34

NEW treatment for asystole, V tach, and V fib. Can give vasopressin after epi

Back 34

vasopressin

Front 35

3rd degree heart block

Back 35

pacemaker

Front 36

given when patient is in V tach or V fib

Back 36

shock then epi or vasopressin

Front 37

fraction of inspired oxygen. range 21% to 100%. in most cases the ____ should be at the lowest setting that will maintain the desired blood oxygen levels

Back 37

FIO2

Front 38

set volume of gas that is delivered when the ventilator gives a breath

Back 38

Tidal Volume

Front 39

ventilator breath rate control. determines the minimum number of breaths that will be delivered to the patient (usually around 650)

Back 39

Rate (respiratory rate)

Front 40

rather than returning to zero at teh end of exhalation a set amount of pressure is maintained. helps to reverse underlying pathophysiologic changes (such as small airway and alveolar collapse) by increasing teh functional residual capacity of splinting the lung in a position of function

Back 40

PEEP

Front 41

a ventilator mode in which pressure is applied to a breathing circuit when there is no ventilator delivered tidal volumes being provided

Back 41

CPAP

Front 42

ventilator mode in which teh set tidal volume is delivered in resonse to all inspiratory efforts (assist). Or, breaths are delivered at intervals determined by the rate setting if teh patient is apneic (control)

Back 42

Assist control

Front 43

mode in which the ventilator delivers a predetermined number of mandatory breaths, adn teh patient is allowd to take spontaneous breaths in between. the mandiotry breathes are "synchronized" with inspiratory efforts

Back 43

syncrhonized intermittent manditory ventilation (SIMV)

Front 44

mode of ventilation in which a breath is delivered up to a set amt of pressure rather than a set volume. the time of inspiration, inspiratory flow settings, and the compliance of the lungs affect the amount of volume given.

Back 44

Pressure control (PC)

Front 45

an adjunct to venitlation inw hich flow is added to the circuit to decrease the word of breathing during spontaneous breathing. enough flow is provided to raise and maintain the inspiratory pressure of teh PS level until the patient begins to exhale

Back 45

Pressure Support

Front 46

the volume or amount of air the machine delivers wtih each ventilator initiated breath also refers to the amount of air we breathe with each spontaneous breath

Back 46

Tidal Volume

Front 47

typically set at 10-15 breaths/minute. respiratory rate is adjusted according to teh pCO2 ( and pH) which is the index of ventialtion

Back 47

respiratory rate

Front 48

ability of the heart to initiate an impulse spontaneously without an external stimulus

Back 48

automaticity

Front 49

the ability of cardiac cells to reach a threshold and resond to a stimulus.

Back 49

excitability

Front 50

ability of muscle cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus

Back 50

contractility

Front 51

when sodium and potassium move otu and calcium moves in. electral excitation of teh cell mbembrane resulting from the flow of ions across the membrane; wave of excitation spreads from cell to cell through the conductionn system

Back 51

depolarization

Front 52

recovery stage-return of cell membrane to it's resting state; cells must repolarize before they can depolarize again

Back 52

repolarization

Front 53

recovery period after stimulation

Back 53

refractory period

Front 54

heart cannot respond to another stimulus regardless of stimulus strength

Back 54

absolute refractory period

Front 55

follows absolute refractory period, heart can respond to very strong stimulus, but response will be abnormal . can respond to stimulus if stimulus is really strong

Back 55

relative refractory period

Front 56

represents AV conduction time, or the time it takes the impulse to travel through teh atria,through teh AV node, and down to where the ventricles begin to depolarize
measure from beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS
normal:.12-20 seconds

Back 56

PR interval

Front 57

ventricular depolarization as the impulse travels through both ventricles. Normal: .04-.10
follows the P wave

Back 57

QRS complex

Front 58

ventricular repolarization as ventricles return to resting electrical state; relative refractory period (vulnerable period)
normal: smooth, rounded, upright in most leads

Back 58

T wave

Front 59

represents early repolarization phase and extends from end of QRS to beginning of T wave; should be at isoelectice line; myocardium still in absolute refractory period; eleveation or depression represnets mycoardial injury or ischemia

Back 59

ST segment

Front 60

time from ventricular depolarization to ventricular repolarization: measrued from beginning of QRS to end of T wave; QT interval varies with heart rate

Back 60

QT interval