Organic Chem Lab Final

Front 1

Describe the Fischer Esterification reaction.

Back 1

Acid catalyzed condensation of an alcohol and carboxylic acid to form an ester.

Front 2

In Fischer Esterification, why was excess acetic acid used?

Back 2

to shift equilibrium to the products
because it's easier to remove than the alcohol

Front 3

Why are refractive indexes used to characterize liquids?

Back 3

they can be determined to four decimal places, making them unique
they measure unique properties

Front 4

In Fischer Esterification, why couldn't HCl be used as a catalyst?

Back 4

it would need water to dissolve and we don't want water

Front 5

What does sodium borohydride reduce?

Back 5

Only Aldehydes, Ketones, and acid chlorides.

Front 6

Why is sodium borohydride an economical reducer when it is expensive?

Back 6

because one mole of sodium borohydride reduces four moles of s.m.

Front 7

How is extraction amount related to # of extractions?

Back 7

It increases exponentially

Front 8

What can you do to improve poor GC resolution?

Back 8

decrease injection volume
decrease column temperature

Front 9

Which are more downfield: axial or equatorial protons?

Back 9

equatorial

Front 10

What happens in a Beckmann rearrangement if the ketone is not symmetrical?

Back 10

two products are formed

Front 11

What's special about KBr pellets for IR?

Back 11

they don't absorb mid-region.

Front 12

What is the downside to Grignard reactions?

Back 12

The reagents react with water and air.

Front 13

What's special about hydroboration oxidation?

Back 13

anti-markovnikov pdct is formed

Front 14

What is the trick to steam distillation?

Back 14

Mix oils with water and it will boil below 100 degrees. Then you just extract the oils from the water.

Front 15

What will increased heat do to an RI reading?

Back 15

Decrease the reading

Front 16

Consider the resonance forms for cinnamaldehyde, how many of the carbon atoms have a partial positive charge?

Back 16

5

Front 17

What is the solvent in a solution labeled 11 N KOH?

Back 17

Water

Front 18

what does blue stand for in the fire diamond?

Back 18

health

Front 19

what does red stand for in the fire diamond?

Back 19

flammability

Front 20

what does yellow stand for in the fire diamond?

Back 20

reactivity

Front 21

what does white stand for in the fire diamond?

Back 21

special

Front 22

IR 3200-3600

Back 22

phenols

Front 23

IR 3300-3000

Back 23

aromatic and alkene C-H

Front 24

IR 2960-2850

Back 24

sp3 carbons in all spectra

Front 25

IR 1685-1785

Back 25

carbonyl

Front 26

IR 1645-1675

Back 26

alkene C=C

Front 27

NMR .9-1.9

Back 27

alkanes

Front 28

NMR .6-3

Back 28

Amines

Front 29

NMR .5-5

Back 29

Alcohols

Front 30

NMR 1.6-2.5

Back 30

Allylic

Front 31

NMR 1.7-3.1

Back 31

alkynes

Front 32

NMR 1.9-3.3

Back 32

carbonyl

Front 33

NMR 2.1-4.5

Back 33

halides

Front 34

NMR 2.2-3

Back 34

benzylic

Front 35

NMR 9.7-12.5

Back 35

carboxylic

Front 36

NMR 9.5-10.5

Back 36

aldehydes

Front 37

NMR 6.5-8.5

Back 37

aromatic

Front 38

NMR 4.5-8.1

Back 38

alkenes

Front 39

NMR 5.5-8

Back 39

amides O=C-N-h

Front 40

NMR 4-8

Back 40

Phenols Ar-O-H

Front 41

NMR 7.24

Back 41

CHCL3

Front 42

NMR 1.5

Back 42

H2O in CDCL3

Front 43

NMR 2.5

Back 43

DMSO

Front 44

NMR 3.35

Back 44

H2O in DMSO

Front 45

NMR 77

Back 45

CDCL3

Front 46

NMR 39

Back 46

DMSO-d6

Front 47

In a chair conformation, which protons are more deshielded?

Back 47

equitorial protons are more deshielded