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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The four heart valves... |
Tricuspid AV Pulmonary SL Bicuspid AV Aortic SL |
To Pump Blood Away |
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An instrument used to detect heart abnormalities and measure electricity of the heart |
Electrocardiograph |
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A record of the amplitude, duration, and rhythm of a person's heartbeat |
Electrocardiogram |
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The P wave = ______ . It precedes ______. |
Atrial depolarization Atrial contraction |
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The QRS complex = _______. It precedes ______. |
Ventricular depolarization Ventricular contraction |
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The T wave =_____. |
Ventricular repolarization |
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When does atrial repolarization occur? |
It's hidden by the QRS complex (ventricular depolarization) |
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PR interval = ___________. It represents the time from _________. |
Start of P wave ➡️start of QRS complex SA node depolarization ➡️start of ventricular depolarization |
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The QRS interval extends from ______. It represents the time required for ______. |
Start QRS complex ➡️End of QRS complex The time required for ventricles to depolarize |
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The QT interval extends from _______. It represents the time required for ______. |
Start of QRS complex➡️End of T wave Depolarization and repolarization of ventricles |
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The TP interval extends from ______. It represents the ______. |
End of T wave➡️Start of P wave Duration of electrical inactivity between cardiac cycles |
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Amplitude of P wave is measured in... |
mV (millivolts) |
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Amplitude of P wave equation... |
(height in mm) x .10 = ___ mV |
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The duration of an interval is measured in... |
seconds |
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Duration of interval equation... |
(width in mm) x .04 = ____ seconds |
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Equation to measure PP interval to determine atrial rate... |
(25mm x 60sec)/ mm of interval = ____ atrial contractions per min. |
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PP interval is measured from... |
start of one P wave ➡️ start of next P wave |
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RR interval is measured from... |
The peak of one R wave ➡️ peak of the next R wave |
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Equation for RR interval to measure ventricular rate... |
(25mm x 60sec)/(mm of interval)= ____ ventricular contractions per minute |
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The ____ serves as the ground electrode. |
Right Leg (RL) |
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Einthoven's triangle... |
The relationship of electrodes surrounding the ❤️ in a triangle |
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What's the cause of wave difference in different leads? |
Each lead takes different angles of electric activity |
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Why is the QRS complex typically larger than the P wave? |
P wave= atrial contraction QRS complex= ventricular contraction Ventricles are larger than atria |
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A problem with which wave would most likely indicate atrial abnormality... |
P wave |
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What would cause the PR interval to be abnormally long? |
Problem w/ electrical pathway btwn atria and ventricles |
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Normal relationship between atrial and ventricular rates? |
They are the same |
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⬇️HR = ___ TP interval |
Increase ⬆️ |
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Time in which heart muscle is electrically silent? |
TP interval |
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First heart sound? Caused by? When? |
LUB AV valves shutting Start of ventricular systole |
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Second heart sound? Caused by? When? |
DUP Shutting of semi-lunar valves Start of ventricular diastole |
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BP is recorded in... |
mmHg (millimeters of mercury) |
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The highest pressure during each cardiac cycle? |
Systolic BP |
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Normal value for systolic pressure? |
120mmHg |
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Lowest pressure each cardiac cycle? |
Diastolic pressure |
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Normal value for diastolic pressure? |
80mmHg |
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Pulse pressure represents... |
strength of contraction |
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Pulse Pressure = |
PP= SBP- DBP |
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MAP represents... |
The avg. pressure driving blood through the arterial tree |
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Why does EDV have a greater effect on MAP? |
Because the 💓 spends more time in diastole than systole |
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MAP is measured in... |
mmHg |
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Formulas for MAP... |
MAP= ((2 x DBP) + SBP))/ 3
MAP= DBP + (1/3)PP |
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PP is measured in... |
mmHg |
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Stroke volume (SV) is expressed in... |
mL/beat (milliliters/beat) |
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Formula for SV... |
SV= PP x 2 |
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Formula for cardiac output (CO)... |
CO= (SV x HR) /1000 |
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Cardiac output (CO) is measured in... |
L/min |
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Formula for percentage of change... |
%🔺 = ((After Exercise - Resting)/Resting)) x 100 |
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Three unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta... |
Celiac trunk Superior Mesenteric Artery Inferior Mesenteric Artery |
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Enters the foramen magnum, supplies blood to the brain stem, cerebellum, posterior cerebrum |
Vertebral artery |
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Right axillary artery supplies... |
Axillary, shoulder girdle, thoracic wall |
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External carotid artery supply the... |
Neck, esophagus, pharynx, larynx, jaw, face |
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Celiac artery divides into... |
Common hepatic, splenic, left gastric |
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Common hepatic Artery supplies... |
Liver, gallbladder, stomach, duodenum, pancreas |
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Splenic artery supplies... |
Spleen Stomach Pancreas |
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Left gastric artery supplies... |
Stomach esophagus |
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Superior Mesenteric Artery supplies... |
Small Intestine Large intestine |
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Inferior Mesenteric Artery supplies... |
Large intestine |
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Lumbar arteries supply... |
Vertebrae Spinal cord Abdominal wall |
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External iliac arteries supply... |
Thigh muscles |
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Internal iliac arteries supply... |
Pelvic muscles |
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Femoral artery supplies... |
Thigh |
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Dorsalis pedis artery supplies... |
Ankle Dorsal foot |
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Medial and plantar arches supply... |
Plantar foot |
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Vertebral veins drain... |
Posterior skull Spinal cord |
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Internal jugular vein drains... |
The brain |
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External jugular vein drains... |
Cranium Deep regions of the face |
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The great saphenous vein receives blood from... |
Dorsal venous arch of the foot |
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The hepatic veins drain... |
Liver |
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Arrangement of veins feeding the liver... |
Hepatic portal system: Hepatic portal vein, SMV, IMV, Splenic vein |
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The hepatic portal system allows... |
The liver to examine the blood (filter, kill pathgens) from digestive organs before it goes thru the rest of circulation |
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The left gonadal vein receives the... |
Left testicular/ovarian vein |
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The right gonadal vein... empties directly into the... |
IVC |
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Azygos veins drains into... |
SVC |
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