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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Golgi stain allows you to visualise what?
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Morphology of single neurons in tissue
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What method can be used to map specific pathways of axons?
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HRP (horseradish peroxidase) injection in tract tracing
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What does retrograde axonal transport mean?
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carried towards cell body (back to cell body- backwards = retro)
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What does anterograde axonal transport mean?
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carried away from cell body
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What technique would you use to identify specific cell types or components of cells?
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Immunochemistry
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What cytoskeletal components can immunochemistry detect to to identify neurons?
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MAP1 and neurofilaments
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What is the diameter of a microtubule?
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25 nm
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What is the diameter of a microfilament?
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10 nm
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What cell type is responsible for myelinating neurons of the CNS?
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Oligodendrocytes
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What is the 'internodal length' and how does it relate to the diameter of the axon?
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The distance between Nodes of Ranvier; proportional to the diameter
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Why is the cytoplasm of an oligodendrocyte dense, when viewed in the electron microscope?
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Cytoplasm is filled with polysomes, required for vast amounts of protein synthesis
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What feature gave astrocytes their name?
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Their shape: they are star-shaped
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What cells in the peripheral nervous system are analogous in function to oligodendrocytes?
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Schwann cells
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What is grey matter composed of?
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Cell bodies and dendrites of neurones plus glia
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What is white matter composed of?
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Axons (myelinated and unmyelinated) and supporting glia
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What type of neurons reside in the dorsal root ganglia?
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Sensory neurons
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What does the term neuropil describe?
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Neuronal and glial processes
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List at least 3 main reasons why invertebrate nervous systems are commonly
studied. |
1. Survive well in isolation
2. Are composed of relatively few neurons 3. Large and often easily identifiable neurons 4. Produce relatively simple behaviour |
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What is meant by the term ganglion?
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Name given to a collection of neuronal cell bodies (in vertebrates normally outwith
the CNS) |
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What is a major advantage of studying isolated cells grown in culture?
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Environment of cell can be controlled
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What is meant by the term iontophoresis?
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Dye expelled from a microelectrode by application of a current of same charge
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What are the two broad classes of synapses?
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Chemical and electrical synapses
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What type of synapse is predominant in mammals?
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chemical synapses
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What type of image does the confocal laser scanning microscope allow you to produce?
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3-dimensional fluorescent images
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What feature clearly allows you to identify the pre-synaptic cell in an electron micrograph?
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Synaptic vesicles
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By what mechanism is neurotransmitter released from an axon terminal?
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Exocytosis
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What happens to the membrane potential of a postsynaptic cell when an excitatory neurotransmitter binds to its receptors?
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Depolarises
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What happens to the membrane potential of a postsynaptic cell when an inhibitory neurotransmitter binds to its receptors?
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Hyperpolarises
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What imaging method would you choose to study fine structural detail?
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MRI
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What imaging method would you choose to study blood flow to the brain?
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SPECT
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What imaging methods require an injection of radioactive tracer?
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SPECT and PET
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