Kuntzman Ch.4 Tissues

Front 1

-Group of cells w/ common origin that function together to carry out specialized activities
-Various types?

Back 1

-Tissues
-Hard (bone)
Semihard (cartilage
Liquid (blood)

Front 2

-Science that deals with the study of tissues

Back 2

-Histology

Front 3

-Specialize in laboratory studies of cells & tissues for diagnoses

Back 3

-Pathologists

Front 4

What type of tissue covers body surfaces, lines systems & forms glands (no blood vessels)

Back 4

-Epithelial Tissue

Front 5

-Consists of closely packed cells w/ little extracellular material between them; arranged in continous sheets, single or multiple

Back 5

-Epithelial Tissue

Front 6

-Protects, supports & binds organs

Back 6

-Connective Tissue

Front 7

-Generates physical force needed to make body structures move & generate body heat

Back 7

-Muscular Tissue

Front 8

-Detects body changes & responds by generating nerve impulses

Back 8

-Nervous Tissue

Front 9

What are the 5 most common types of contact points between the plasma membranes of tissue cells

Back 9

-Tight junctions
-Adherens junctions
-Desmosomes
-Hemidesomosomes
-Gap Junctions

Front 10

-Fuse cells together & seals off passageways between adjacent cells
-Common in stomach, intestines & urinary bladder
-Prevents passage of substances between cells

Back 10

-Tight Junctions

Front 11

-Between epithelium & connective tissue layer; point of attachment for overlying epithelial tissue

Back 11

-Basement membrane

Front 12

Has:
-Apical (free/top) surface: faces body surface cavity or duct
-Lateral (side) surface
-Basal (bottom) Surface
-Basement membrane

Back 12

-Epithelial Cell Features

Front 13

-Blood vessels in underlying connective tissue deliver nutrients & eliminate waste to this tissue

Back 13

-Epithelial Tissue

Front 14

-Has:
Nerve supply
Avascular
High rate of cell division for renewal & repair

Back 14

-Epithelial Tissue

Front 15

-Covering & lining epithelium

-Glandular epithelium

Back 15

-Outercovering of skin & lines systems

-form sells that secrete products

Front 16

-Covering & Lining Epithelium are classified according to ?

Back 16

-Number of cell layers
-Shapes of cells

Front 17

-Single layer of cells; same heights

Back 17

-Simple Epithelium

Front 18

-Single layer but appears to have multiple layers; tall & short cells

Back 18

-Pseudostratified epithelium

Front 19

-Two or more layers of cells; protect underlying tissues in areas of wear & tear

Back 19

-Stratified epithelium

Front 20

Cell Shapes:
-Flat cells
-Cube-shaped
-Tall column shaped
-Cells change shapes

Back 20

-Squamous
-Cuboidal
-Columnar
-Transtitional

Front 21

-Single layer of flat cells
-Types:
_________ lines heart & blood vessels
_________ Forms organ coverings

Back 21

-Simple Squamous Epithelium
-Endothelium
-Mesothelium

Front 22

-Single layer of cube-shaped cells
-Found in thyroid gland & kidneys
-Performs the functions of secretion & absorption

Back 22

-Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Front 23

-Single layer column shaped cells
-Noncoiliated (contains absorptive & goblet cells)
-Ciliated: Utering tubes & Respiratory

Back 23

-Simple columnar Epithelium

Front 24

-Single layer but appears tohave multiple layers; tall & short cells

Back 24

-Psedostratified Columnar Epithelium

Front 25

-Multiple (2 or more) layers of cells
-Type depends on shape of cells @ apical (top) layer

Back 25

-Stratified Epithelium

Front 26

-Multiple layers of cells w/ flate cells @ apical layer
-New cells pushed toward surface further from blood supply; dehydrate & die

Back 26

-Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Front 27

types of Stratified Squamous Epithelium

-Top layer of skin protects & _________ waterproofs skin

-____________ cells found in the lining of the mouth

Back 27

-Keratinized
Keratin

-Nonkeratinized

Front 28

-Rare type of epithelium
-Cube-shaped cells
-Main function is protective

Back 28

-Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Front 29

-Located in the urinary system
-Cells change shape upon stretching; become flattened (squamous)
-Permits distention (stretching)

Back 29

-Transitional Epithelium

Front 30

-Hormone Secretions released directly into bloodstream
(Gland - anything that releases a product)

Back 30

-Glandular Epithelium:
Endocrine Glands

Front 31

-Products released into ducts
-Sweat & salivary glands

Back 31

-Glandular Epithelium
Exocrine Glands

Front 32

functional Classification of Exocrine Glands:
-Secretion by exocytosis
Most common; sweat & salivary

Back 32

-Merocrine

Front 33

Functional Classification Exocrine Glands:
-Apical portion of cell secreted

Back 33

-Apocrine

Front 34

Functional Classification Exocrine Glands:
-Entire cell secreted:sebaceous (oil) glands

Back 34

-Holocrine

Front 35

-Most abundant & widely distributed tissue
Functions:
-Binds tissues together
-Supports & strengthens tissue
-Protects & insulates internal organs
-Transports materials:blood
-Energy reserves & immune responses

Back 35

-Connective Tissue

Front 36

Two parts of connective tissue?

Back 36

-Extracellular Matrix: material between cells: fibers & ground substance
-Cells

Front 37

What are the two parts of connective tissue extracellular matrix?

Back 37

-Ground substance: Between cells & fibers
-Hard, semi-hard or fluid
-Medium that permits exchange of materials between blood & cells

-Fibers: All proteins - Amino acids
-Collagen fibers: strengthens tissue
-Elastic fibers: elasticity
-Reticular fibers

Front 38

Active, immuture connective tissue cell that secrete fibers & ground substance

Back 38

-Fibroblasts

Front 39

Connective tissue cells that store triclycerides (fat)

Back 39

-Adipocytes (fat cells)

Front 40

Connective tissue cells that produce histamine; vasodilator

Back 40

-Mast cells

Front 41

Connective tissue cells that help immune response (lycocites)

Back 41

-White blood cells

Front 42

Conncective tissue cells that engulf debris by phagocytosis

Back 42

-Macrophages
(large) (eaters)

Front 43

Connective tissue cells that are important in the production & secretion of antibodies

Back 43

-Plasma cells

Front 44

What are the 2 types of embryonic connective tissues?

Back 44

-Mesenchyme: forms all other connective tissues-Original

-Mucous - Umbilical cord

Front 45

Areolar, Adipose and Reticular are what type of tissue?

Back 45

-Loose Connective Tissue

Front 46

A loose connective tissue that contains several types of cells and all theree fiber types

Back 46

-Areolar

Front 47

A loose connective tissue that contains adipocytes and iinsulation & energy reserves

Back 47

-Adipose tissue

Front 48

A loose connective tissue that forms framework of liver, spleen & lymph nodes
Reticular fibers

Back 48

-Reticular

Front 49

-Bundles of collagen fibers arranged in parallel(regular) patterns:strenghtens tissue
-Tendons & ligaments

Back 49

-Dense regular
Dense Connective Tissue

Front 50

-Collagen fibers arranged randomly (irregularly)
-Located in tissues pulled in many directions
-Skin & heart

Back 50

-Irregular -
Dense Connective Tissue

Front 51

-Elastic fibers stretch & recoil to original shape
-Lungs & blood vessels

Back 51

-Elastic
Dense Connective Tissue

Front 52

-Connective tissue exception
-No blood vessels (avascular) or nerves
-Semi-hard matrix surrounding chrondrocytes (cartilage cells)

Back 52

-Cartilage
Mature Connective Tissue

Front 53

-Three types of Cartilage

Back 53

-Hyaline
-Fibrocartilage
-Elastic

Front 54

-Most abundant type of cartilage
-Provides flexibility, support & reduces friction; joints

Back 54

-Hyaline Cartilage

Front 55

-Strongest type of Cartilage
-Intervertebral disc

Back 55

-Fibrocartilage

Front 56

-Chondrocytes located within elastic fibers
-Provides elasticity; external ear

Back 56

-Elastic Cartilage

Front 57

-Two patterns of growth of cartilage

Back 57

-Interstitial growth - length
-Appositional growth - width

Front 58

Cartilage grows & repairs slowly because it is __________.

Back 58

-Avascular (no blood supply)

Front 59

-Oseocytes (bone cells) are surrounded by ___________ _________.
-What are the two types?

Back 59

Bone (osseous) tissue
-Extracellular matrix
-Compact & Spongy

Front 60

-Blood & Lymph contain what 4 items?

-They are considered what type of tissue?

Back 60

-Platelet
-White blood cells (leukocyte)
-Red blood cells (erythrocyte)
-Blood plasma

Liquid connective tissue

Front 61

-Sheets of tissue that cover or line structures

-Two types of membranes

Back 61

-Membranes

-Epithelium (3 types)
-Synovial

Front 62

-Combination of epithelium & underlying connective tissue layer

-Name the 3 types

Back 62

-Epithelium Membranes

-Mucous
-Serous
-Cutaneous

Front 63

-Type of membrane that lines joints; contains connective tissue but not epithelium

Back 63

-Synovial Membranes

Front 64

-Type of epithelial membrane that:
Lines systems that open directly to exterior; digextive
Produces mucus

Back 64

-Mucous Membranes

Layers- Mucus
Epithelium Cells
Areolare Connective tissue

Front 65

-A epithelial membrane that:
*Organ coverings; do not open directly to exterior; pleura
*Two layers - Visceral layer; inner layer covers organ
-Parietal layer; outer layer attaches to cavity wall

Back 65

-Serous Membranes (Serosa)

Layers:
Serous fluid
-Mesothelium
-Areolar Connective Tissue

Front 66

-Covers entire surface of body
-consists of epidermis (epithelium) & dermis (connective tissue)

Back 66

-Cutaneous Membrane (Skin)

Front 67

-Membranes that:
*Lines freely movable joints
*Lack epithelium; contain only connective tissue

Back 67

-Synovial Membranes

Front 68

-What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Back 68

-Skeletal
-Cardiac
-Smooth

Front 69

-What type of muscle tissue
*Usually attached to bones
*Long, cylindrical straited fibers (cells)
*Voluntary (conscious) control

Back 69

-Skeletal

Front 70

-What type of muscle tissue
*Heart Wall
*Branched striated fibers joined by intercalated discs
-Involuntary (without conscious) control

Back 70

-Cardiac

Front 71

-What type of muscle tissue
*Walls of hallow organs; stomach & intestines
*Spindle-shaped non-straited fibers
*Involuntary control

Back 71

-Smooth

Front 72

-Two types of cells in the nervous tissue

Back 72

-Neurons (nerve cells): produce nerve impulses
-Neurogila: support nervous system

Front 73

-Restoring Homeostasis
________ tissue: highest renewal capacity
________ tissue: poorest renewal capacity
________ scar tissue formation: __________ rapidly synthesize fiers in matrix

Back 73

*Epithelial
*Nervous
*Fibrosis Fibroblast

Front 74

3 things that contribute to aging process

Back 74

*Excessive glucose
*changes in collagen
*Elastice fibers

Front 75

-Protects structures from UV rays
-Decreases heat loss
-Protects eyes from foreign particles
-AKA - Pili

Back 75

-Hair
Located on thin (hairy) skin

Front 76

Hair Anatomy
-Consist of _______, ________ ______.

Back 76

-Dead, karatinized cells

Front 77

Hair Anatomy:
-Superficial portion above skin
-Deeper portion penetrates skin
-Oil Glands
-Smooth muscles raise hairs "goose bumps" when contracted

Back 77

-Hair Shaft
-Hair Root
-Sebaceous Glands
-Arrector Pili Muscles

Front 78

Hair Anatomy:
-External & internal root sheaths
-Base of hair follicle;contains hair matrix (stratum basale layer; site of cell division)

Back 78

-Hair Follicle
-Bulb

Front 79

What are the 4 stages of hair growth?

Back 79

-Growth Stage
-Resting Stage
-Alopecia
-Hair Color

Front 80

-Cells of hair matrix divid, keratinize, & die. New cells added at base of hair follicle pushing older cells towards surface; hair grows longer

Back 80

-Growth Stage

Front 81

-Hair growth stops

-Partial or complete hair loss due to aging, chemotherapy or genetics

-Primarily due to amount of melanin

Back 81

-Resting stage

-Alopecia

-Hair Color

Front 82

Name the 3 typs of exocrine glands in the skin.

Where do exocrine glands release their product?

Back 82

-Sebaceous (oil) glands
-Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
-Ceruminous glands: Produce earwax

-Ducts

Front 83

__________ Glands are:
-Associated with hair follicles in thin skin
-Absent in thick skin
-Secrete an oily substance called ________.

Back 83

-Sebaceous

-Sebum

Front 84

___________
-Prevents dryness
-Inhibits growth of certain bacteria
-Clogged oil clands may cause ______.

Back 84

-Sebum

-Acne

Front 85

Sweat Glands:
-3-4 million in the body
-REalease sweat onto sking surface through pores

Back 85

-Sudoriferous
(Sudori = Sweat) (Ferous=Bearing)

Front 86

2 main types of Sudoriferous Glands:
Based on structure, location & type of sectetion

Back 86

-Eccrine

-Apocrine

Front 87

_________ sweat gland is located mostly in deep dermis and terminates on surface of epidermis.

Back 87

-Eccrine Sweat Glands

Front 88

_________ sweat glands distribute their product throughout skin of most regions of the body, espicially in skin of forehead, plams & soles.

Back 88

-Eccrine Sweat Glands

Front 89

________ is less viscous; consists of water, ions (Na+, CI-), urea, uric acid, ammonia, amion acids, glucose, and lactic acid.

Back 89

-Eccrine Sweat Glands

Front 90

__________ sweat glands onset of function is soon after birth and has no order.

Back 90

-Eccrine Sweat Glands

Front 91

__________ sweat glands are located mostly in subcutaneous layer and terminates in the hair follicle.

Back 91

-Apocrine Swerat Glands

Front 92

__________ sweat glands distribute their product in the skin of the axilla (armpit), groin, areloae, bearded regions of the face, clitoris, and labia minora.

Back 92

-Apocrine Swerat Glands

Front 93

_________ sweat glands are more visocous; additionally consists of lipids and proteins.

Back 93

-Apocrine Swerat Glands

Front 94

________ sweat glands onset of function is during puberty and does have an odor. Their functions are stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement.

Back 94

-Apocrine Swerat Glands