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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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On what date did the earthquake occur?
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Tuesday 17th January 1995 |
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At what time did the earthquake occur? |
5.46AM |
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What did the earthquake measure on the Richter scale?
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7.2 |
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Where was the earthquake? |
Off the coast of central Japan |
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What plates are involved? |
Pacific Philippine Eurasian |
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What was the focal depth of the earthquake? |
20km |
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Where was the epicentre?
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Awaji Island
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How far was the epicentre from Japan's second largest concentration of population? |
32km |
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How many were impacted and in what cities? |
10 million Kobe and Osaka |
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How long did the earthquake last? |
20 seconds |
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What was the death toll? |
6,400 |
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How many were injured? |
35,000 |
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How many buildings were destroyed in the first day? |
180,000 |
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On what highway did .5km of road collapse?
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Hanshin Expressway
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What train was stopped and why?
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Shinkansen Twisted track |
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How many fires were there? |
150 |
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What contributed to the fires? |
Gas leaks, wooden homes |
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How many quays were destroyed of the new port? |
140/170 |
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How far did the crust shift? |
Horizontally 1.7m Vertically 1.4m |
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How many were homeless following the fires?
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310,000 |
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What percentage of Kobe were moved to temporary shelter? |
30% |
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What was the total cost of damage (including lost business)? |
£120 billion |
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What percentage of the population had earthquake insurance, and what did this result in? |
3% Large financial loss |
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How many moved away from Kobe? |
96,000 |
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Why did the traditional houses collapse? |
Heavy roves Wooden frames Designed for hurricanes |
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What happened to some tall buildings? |
Pancaking |
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What structures did not collapse? |
Steel framed office blocks |
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In what years of construction were buildings more likely to have collapsed?
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1960s 1970s
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What two earthquake resistant structures survived? |
Akushi Bridge Kansai International Airport |
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What prevented trains from derailing? |
A seismic detection system |
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When is Japan's awareness day? |
1st September Remembrance of 1923 earthquake |
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How much is invested each year in earthquake prevention? |
£80 million |
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What hinted at a build up of stress? |
50 years of inactivity |
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What was discovered on January 7th? |
Unusual levels of radon gas following groundwater research |
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What did seismic records show before the event? |
A cluster of four minor foreshocks
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High levels of what were recorded? |
Electro-magnetic emissions |
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Why were the signs inadequate?
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They were highlighted months after the incident |
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What did shop keepers do the following day?
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Opened for business on the pavements |
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What percentage of businesses where fully functional a year later? |
70% (with some having relocated) |
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How long after the earthquake were utilities restored, and what are the common utilities? |
Four months Gas, electricity, water, sewage |
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What was fitted to some pipelines following the earthquake? |
Smart meters which would automatically isolate leaks after an earthquake |
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By what date was the Hanshin expressway fully rebuilt? |
October 1996 |
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What has the earthquake encouraged?
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Urgency on a program of strengthening older structures (retrofitting) and maintaining tight buildings controls |
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What does Japan continue to do despite its knowledge of earthquakes? |
Build on reclaimed land (which is under threat of liquefaction) |
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What was the estimated cost of rebuilding? |
£70 billion |
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How many people moved away from Kobe and what did this reduce its population to?
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96,000 1.4 million |
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What created the high death toll? |
Built structures |
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What happened when traditional homes collapsed? |
Their inhabitants were burried |
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What structures did not perform well in the centre of Kobe?
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Innovative designs (lack of testing) |
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What year onwards were buildings subject to less damage?
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Those constructed after 1981 |
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What happened in 1981?
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New building codes were introduced and enforced |
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What did the 1981 regulations implement? |
Stronger materials Flexible structures that could bend with seismic waves |
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How much of the bullet train track was damaged?
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15km |
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What happened when the bullet train track was damaged? |
Seismic motion sensors detected motion and power was cut off preventing derailments |
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What was found when reviewing the emergency response and search and rescue operations? |
They were less than satisfactory
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What could be found in supermarkets? |
Emergency earthquake kits |
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What was distributed regularly? |
Earthquake advice including the need to secure heavy domestic appliances |
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What was well marked? |
Escape routes
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What did most scientists think about the possibility of an earthquake? |
One would occur in another part of japan |
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When was the port restored by?
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1996 |
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What has the earthquake encouraged? |
Urgency of strengthening older structures (retrofitting), the affect of maintaining tight building controls |
