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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Distribution of tectonic hazard |
-70% of earthquakes on ring of fire -12-14,000 earthquakes per year – ones below magnitude 2 occur 100s of times per day -Around 1-2 times per month – greater than magnitude 7 -500 active volcanoes -50 erupt each year -Around 2 tsunami per year -Every 15 years there’s a large tsunami |
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Boxing day tsunami |
-9.0 magnitude -294,000 deaths -80% of Sumatra’s land destroyed -1.7 million homeless -150,000 deaths in Indonesia -$19.9 billion damage -30km deep – 160km (hypocentre) off -Northern Sumatra -UK public - £3.2 million by new year - -£330 million in total -$14 billion in aid in total -$4 billion behind schedule in March -2005 |
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Japan- Tohoku 2011 |
9.0 magnitude – triggered waves up to 40 metres high 16,000 deaths 6,156 injured Residents 20km away from Fukushima had to be evacuated Cost 0f $235 billion – costliest in history £48k GDP at the time 100,00 moved inland Warning system Breakwater 3m sea wall covering 40% of the coast 200 seismographs 3600 seismic intensity meters 9.0 magnitude – triggered waves up to 40 metres high 16,000 deaths 6,156 injured Residents 20km away from Fukushima had to be evacuated Cost 0f $235 billion – costliest in history £48k GDP at the time 100,00 moved inland Warning system Breakwater 3m sea wall covering 40% of the coast 200 seismographs 3600 seismic intensity meters |
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Christchurch earthquake |
-7.1 magnitude – September 2010-2 earthquakes in 6 months (after shock in Feb 2011) – park model -182 deaths -200,000 tonnes of liquefaction -80% of sewage system destroyed -GNI $30k per person -Toilets for 30,000 provided -Areas zoned -$6 million in aid -$898 in building claims -August 2011 – 50% footpaths and 80% roads repaired -Eq commission - $100k per house - $28k per person |
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Haiti earthquake 2010 |
-7.0 magnitude -8 aftershocks in two hours after main -52 in total (over 4.5)-Epicentre 25km west of Port-au-Prince -230,000 deaths -GNI of $700 per capita -7000 deaths from Cholera -$8 billion worth of damage -$7 million in 24 hours -Dominican red cross – 110 cooks in 10 mobile kitchens – 100,000 meals per day-Qatar sent c-17 aircraft with 50 tonnes of urgent relief materials -EU promised 330 million euros -July – 98% of rubble left – 1.6 million in temporary housing -54% of buildings unfit for occupancy |
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Hazards in countries with different levels of income |
-High HD -7 million affected 2004-13 -Medium HD-70 million affected -Low HD-10 million |
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Eyjafjallajokull |
-Erupted rom march to June 2010-1,666m high -Basaltic andesite lava ejected in phase 1 – effusive eruption -Second phase VEI 4 eruption -100,000 air journeys disrupted -25% of air trade (by value) carried in air freight -0.5% by quantity – high value goods -Ash plume – 9km high -0.25km cubed of tephra |
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Hyogo and Sendai approaches |
-January 05, 168 Governments adopted a 10-year plan to make the world safer from natural hazards at the World -Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.-The Hyogo Framework was the global blueprint for disaster risk reduction efforts between 2005 and 2015. Its goal was to substantially reduce disaster losses by 2015.-UN Member States adopted the -Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk -Reduction 2015-2030, the successor instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action. |
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Philippines case study |
-Philippine plate subducted beneath -Eurasian plate – 7000 islands -Formation of Volcanoes e.g. Mount -Pinatubo -Earthquake in 1990 – Luzon Island – 1500 people died -Lots of rain – landslides that can be triggered by earthquakes -Leyte Island – 2006 rain for 10 days and 2.5 magnitude earthquake – 250 deaths -10 typhoons a year -1976 – magnitude 7.9 earthquake caused a tsunami which killed thousands around the Moro Gulf -Drought and flooding – dry between November and April then wet between May and October |
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California case study |
-40 million people -Megacity – LA -San Andreas fault -Conservative plate boundary – 2 coastal plates -1989 earthquake – Loma Prieta -7.1 magnitude -63 dead -46 billion damage -1018 homes destroyed |
