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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dalmatian coast facts |
-CROATIA- 79 islands and 500 islets -Geology creates valleys parallel islands –rise in sea level causes islands to still show -Concordant coast - was drowned during the halocene -Folded by tectonic activity – anticlynes and synclines |
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Rock type facts |
Igneous -Granite -Basalt -Dolerite Metamorphic -Slate -Schist -Marble Sedimentary -Sandstone -Limestone -Shale |
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Holderness case study |
-1.5m of erosion on average per year – fastest in Europe – 50km long -7 metre tidal range -Equates to 2 million tonnes of material per year -Around 5km of land has been lost – 23 towns/villages -Hornsea – AONB, 8500 people, Southorpe medieval village, Hornsea mere – SSSI -Decided to hold the line at Hornsea – sea wall and gabion – causes outflanking -Mappleton – 50 properties – 30 were at risk -£2 million worth of defences but -£650k worth in village -Community pressure |
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Aswan High Damn case study |
-111m high, 3,830m long – 132 km cubed lake called Lake Nasser -Generates 10,000 GWh per year -River discharge of the Nile fell from 35 million metres cubed per year to 10 billion -More importantly, sediment volume fell by 90% - 130 million tonnes to 15 million tonnes-Erosion at the Nile delta went from 20-25m per year to over 200 metres per year -Not an isolated case – Akosombo Dam in Ghana -70 million metres cubed per year to 7 million metres cubed per year of sediment |
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North Sea Storm Surge case study |
-1953 – worst storm surge – 2500 deaths – 325 deaths in the UK 2013 -Low air pressure – 962 millibars 140mph winds -Gale-force winds drove waves -5.8m storm surge -800,000 homes protected by defenses -Humber region – 400 homes flooded -Kent – 500 homes -100,000 homes lost power -15 deaths |
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Maldives (island at risk) case study |
-340,000 people – small island developing state (SIDS) -1200 islands -50cm sea rise by 2100 would mean -77% of land area is lost -Hulumale – artificial island – dredging from 1997-2002 cost $32 million -Male – capital – 153,00 people in 5.8km squared -Malé has 3m high sea wall |
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Storm surges in Bangladesh case study |
-Low lying country – 1-3m above sea level -Storms meet discharge from ganges and Brahmaputra -Deforestation of mangroves – 33%-Triangular shape of bay of Bengal 1970 – 10m surge – 205kmph winds -966mb – 400,00 deaths - $ cost $90 million -6m surge – 250kmph – 918 mb – 139,000 deaths - $1.7 billion -2007 – 3m surge – 260kmph – 944mb – 15,000 deaths - $1.7 billion |
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IPCC AR5 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR5 report) |
-Sea level – 29-98cm rise by 2100 – most likely by 2100 -Delta flooding increased by 50% -Increase wind speeds and larger waves -Erosion increase -More depressions – surges |
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Compensation in the East Riding of Yorkshire |
-2010 - 12 - £1.2 million from DEFRA to -East riding council -Heled 43 homes move -Cover cost of demolition -£1000 in relocation expenses -£200 hardship -Expects up to 100 homes to be lost to the sea |
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Deltawerken case study |
-Megaproject – began after 1953 storm surge Aims -Reduce risk of flooding in Scheldt area – below sea level land -Shorten coastline by 700km -Safe access fir shipping into ports -Designed for 1:2000 year coastal return period -And and 1:250 year for ricers -Cost of $5 billion -2008 – should expect 1.3m rise by 2100 -Cost $1.5 billion per year up to 2100 |
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Sustainable management in the Maldives |
-97% of inhabited islands experiencing erosion -Risks -Main islands got much money – others are ignored -Sustainable management of traditional income sacrificed over tourism -Potential for conflict -Key players -Mangroves for the future (MFF) -importance of mangroves -Global environmental facility (GEF) – small grants to get sustainable and organic farming |
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Abotts Hall Farm case study |
-Managed realignment -25km of coast – Blackwater and colne estuaries -40% of Essex salt marshes lost in next 25 years -Coastal squeeze – sea rises over marsh but cant get past sea wall -49ha of salt marshes and 35ha of grassland near the farm -EIA – 140 page -Sea wall breached in 4 sites in October 2002 -First seedlings in spring 2003 -Coordinated and integrated approach – all stakeholders consulted -Environmentally friendly – spoil banks – help animals migrate |
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SMP in Cuckmere Valley |
-Environment agency planned to do nothing -Other idea breach embankment to restore estuary -Plans for 2025 – defenses maintained 2025-55 – free functioning system formed -Self sustaining – 2055-2105 |
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Gower Peninsula |
-180km squared -AONB – 1986 -Spit – worms head and mumbles head -Bays - discordant coast -Wave cut platforms – can only be 0.5km long |
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Chittagong |
-Coastal climate resilient infrastructure project – 2013 supported by Asian development bank -Improving road connections – raising embankments to be over 60cm above flood levels -New market areas- raised sheds above 2050 sea level -25 tropical cyclone shelters – improve them – withstand 260kmph winds -Training in climate resilience and adaptation -Help alleviate poverty – 10% -Relocation of 220 people -Loan of $60 million to complete |
