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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Androcentricity
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Look at the world through a male perspective.
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Interval Measurement Scale
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equal distances between each point, these scales can have pos and neg values.
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Likert Scale
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Identify a persons beliefs, attitudes or feelings toward an object
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Semantic Differential Scale
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Measures meanings people give to a specific stimulus
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Ratio Measurement Scale
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A true zero point where the variable being measured ceases to exist. example is age, you can't be zero age
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Factor Analysis
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determines if a concept is uni or multidimensional.
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Self-Report
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Ask people to comment on themselves
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Questionnaire
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Ask people to provide information about themselves or others in a written form
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Directive Questionnaires and Interviews
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Use predetermined questions
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Interview Schedule
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A list of questions that guide an interview.
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Inverted funnel question format.
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Begins with closed specific questions and goes to broader open questions
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Question order effects
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Occur when responses to earlier questions influence how people respond to later questions.
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Fatigue Effect
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Respondents pay less attention to questions near the end of a questionnaire as they are tired.
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Observation
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Inspection and interpretation of behavioral
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Coding Schemes
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Its a Classificaiton systems. It describe the nature or frequency of the behaviors.
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Internal Validity
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The accuracy of conclusions drawn from a particular research study.
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External Validity
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Is the generalizability of findings, or can conclusions from a particular study be applied to other people/text, places, etc.
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Measurement Reliability
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Measuring something in a consistent and stable manner.
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Reliability Coefficient
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numberical indicator that tells the percentage of time a measurement is reliable or free from error..70 or greater are reliable.
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Internal Consistency
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two measurements give the same results.(ex if you fall from 1000 feet and survive you should be able to fall from a 1000 feet anywhere and survive)
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Criterion-Related Validity
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measurement technique relates to another instrument that was valid.
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Sleeper Effect
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An effect that is not immediately apparent but becomes evidenced over the course of time.
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Hawthrone Effect
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People are aware they are being studied and behave differently
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Statistical Regression
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Tendency for individuals selected on basis of extreme scores to behave less atypically later.
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Researcher Unintentional Expectancy Effect
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When researchers influence participants responses by inadvertently letting them know the behavior they desire.
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Census
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Involves studying every member of a population
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Random Sampling
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Each person has equal chance of being selected.
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Systematic Sample
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Chooses every nth person after starting at a random point.
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Stratified Sample
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Categorizes a population with respect to a characteristic (stratificaiton variable) that the researcher thinks is important
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Convenience Sample
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Selected on basis of availability
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Network Sample
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Respondents refer researcher to other respondents (snowball)
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Ecological Validity
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Research that describes what actually occurs in real-life circumstances.
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Replication
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Conducting a study that repeats a previous study.
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Ethics
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Moral principles and recognized rules of conduct regarding a particular class of human action.
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Tenure
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A professor is guaranteed a lifetime faculty appointment.
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Academic Freedom
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The ability to teach and research topics that professors consider to be important.
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IRB - Institutional Review Board
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Group set up to monitor research proposals and decide if they are ethical.
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Voluntary Informed Consent
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Research participants voluntarily agree to participate only after they have been fully informed about the study.
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Implied Consent
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Completion is taken as an indication of consent.
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Desensitizing
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When research participants may have acquired negative information about themselves as a result of a study.
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Dehoaxing
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Convincing participants that they have been decieved and attempting to eliminate any negative effects the deception might have had.
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Anonymity
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When researchers cannot connect responses to the individuals who provided them.
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Confidentiality
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When researchers know who said what, but promise not to reveal that information publicly.
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Claim
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Assertions or Conclusions
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Assertions or Conclusions
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Warrant
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Connects Claims and Evidence
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Research
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The form of a disciplined inquiry that involves studying something in a planned manner and reporting it so other inquirers can potentially replicate the process if they choose. Or Questioning and testing what we know or don't know.
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Proprietary Research
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Research just for you or your boss, not to be shared
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Scholarly Research
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Research that can be shared
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Social or Human Sciences
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Like Journalism applied to Human Behavior
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Positivist Paradigm
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Singular in Nature and Objective
Independent Value-free/ Unbiased Quantitative Formal/Impersonal Voice |
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Naturalist Paradigm
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Multiple in Nature/Intersubjective
Interdependent Value-laden/Biased Qualitative Informal/Personal Voice |
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Communication
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Refers to the processes by which verbal and nonverbal messages are used to create and share meaning.
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Applied Research
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Not to be used as general research
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Basic Research
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Testing Theory: A generalization about a phenomenon.
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Variable
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A concept that can have two or more values
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Independent Variable
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Is the one that is thought to influence the dependent variable.
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Dependent Variable
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Is influenced by the independent variable.
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Ordered Variable
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Can be assigned numerical values (age, weight, etc.)
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Nominal Variable
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Can be classified in terms of type (gender, race, etc.)
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Hypothesis
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A tentative answer about the nature of the relationship between variables.
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Nondirectional Hypothesis
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Does not specify the nature of the relationship of the variables.
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Interaction Effects
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Effects caused by multiple independent variables.
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Primary Research Report
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The first reporting of a study by the person who actually conducted the study.
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Secondary Research Report
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Report of a research report by someone other than the person who actually conducted the study.
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Meta-Analytic Study
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Summarizes alot of studies
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Operationalization
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Identifying and determining how to measure the observable characteristics of whatever concepts or variables researchers wish to study.
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Conceptual Definition
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Decribes what a concept means by relating it to other abstract concepts (ex dictionary def)
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Operational Definition
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Describes a concept in terms of its observable and measurable characteristics or behaviors by specifying how the concept can be observed in actual practice. (How can you measure the variable)
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Conceptual Fit
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Strong linkage between conceptual and operational definitions.
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Measurement
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Is the process of determining the existence, characteristics, size and/or quantity of changes or differences in a variable through systematic recording and organization of the researcher's observation.
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Qualitative Measurement
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Observations that do not require measurements and numbers
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Quantitative Measurement
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Measurements that include numbers.
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Triangulation
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Studing something in multiple ways with a single study
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Measurement Scale
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A specific scheme for assigning numbers or symbols to designate characteristics of a variable.
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Nominal Measurement Scale
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Classify a variable into different categories
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Mutually Exclusive
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An individual can only be in one testing
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Ordinal Measurement Scale
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Involve nominal variables that are ranked in order along some dimension.
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Ipsative Scale
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A particular rank can only be used once.
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