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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the pectoral shoulder girdle
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(clavicle & scapula) connects the upper lmb to he trunk. The clavicle acts as a strut, to hold the poin of the shoulder (acromion) out from the body, thus providing maximum freedom of movement for the arm
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Sternoclavicular Joint
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strong; rarely dislocated
1) only bony connection betweeen trunk of body (axial skeleton) & pectoral girdle of upper limb a) articular disc attached to both bones - strng structures that holds joint together 2) freely moveable a) allows circumduction of clavicle (palpate & move your shoulder) b) clavicle raises up to 60 degrees above horizontal during upper limb abdction |
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Acromioclavicular Joint
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small, weak joint
1) strengthened indirectly by coracoclavicular ligament a) joins clavicle to coracoid process of scapula b) strongest ligament between clavicle & scapula 2) dislocation of acromioclavicular joint (tear f coracoclavicular ligament) = "shoulder seperation" a) tip of shoulder (acromion of scapula) no longer supported 1) articual capsule of acromioclavicular joint torn (joint dislocates) 2) acromion drops below lateral end of clavicle (tip of shoulder drops - pulled down by weight of upper limb) |
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Shoulder joint (Gleno-Humeral Joint)
1 of 2 |
1) ball & socket joint
a) has greatest freedom of movement of all joints in body b) allows: flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction, & medial-lateral rotation 2) freedom of movement = loss of stability a) loose articular (fibrous) capsule - poor support, but enables wide range of movement b) large humeral head, small glenoid fossa (only 1/3 size of humeral head) 1) glenoid fossa deepened by glenoid labrum - fibroartilage rim around bony fossa |
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Shoulder joint (Gleno-Humeral Joint)
2 of 2 |
3) major support of shoulder from rotator cuff muscles crossing joint, not by ligaments around joint - muscles serve to hold head of humerus in position at glenohumeral joint
a) run from scapula, around head of humerus, to greater & lesser tubercles of humerus b) consists of: 1) supraspinatus - abduction of humerus 2) infraspinatus - lateral rotation of humerus 3) teres minor - lateral rotation of humerus 4) subscapularis - medial rotation of humerus c) muscle tendons blend with (fuse into) & thus reinforce articular capsule 4) tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle also fused into articuar capsule a) origin from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula b) tendon passes over head of humerus (inside shoulder joint capsule) - exits capsule & continues through bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus |
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Weight Support at Shoulder Joint
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1) shoulder joint dependent upon muscles that surround joint to maintain head of humerus in proper position with glenoid fossa od scapula
2) carrying weight: a) superior rotation of scapula (glenoid fossa) - motion produced by upper & lower trapezius fibers, & inferior half of serratus anterior muscle b) gives oblique angle (slope) to glenoid fossa - inferior margin supports head of humerus b) gives oblique angle (slope) to glenoid fossa - inferior margin supports head of humerus c) rotator cudd muscles (especially supraspinatus muscle) holds humerus in glenoid fossa - prevents humerus from "sliding downhill" |
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Elbow Joint
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1) consists of 3 seperate articulations:
a) humeroulnar joint - hinge joint b) humeroradial joint c) proximal radio-ulnar joint 2) all 3 surrounded by single joint capsule a) strenghtened on medial-lateral sides by collateral ligaments 3) humeroulnar & humeroradial joints allow for flexion/extension only a) primary flexor muscle - brachialis (assisted by brachioradialis, biceps brachii) b) primary extensor muscle - triceps brachii |
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Radio-Ulnar Joint
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1) allows for supination/pronation of forearm
2) proximal radio-ulnar joint: a) head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna - held in place by annular ligament 1) ligament surrounds head of radius - allows only for rotation of radius 2) ligament attached to anterior/posterior margins of radial notch of ulna 3) distal radio-ulnar joint: a) distal radius pivots over ulna b) distal ends of bones held together by aricular disc 1) fills space between ulna & carpal bones -- NOTE: no articulation between ulna & proximal carpal bones |
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Wrist Joint
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1) 3 series of articulation:
a) radiocarpal joint - articulation between radius & proximal row of carpal bones b) midcarpal joints - between proximal & distal rows of carpal bones c) carpal-metacarpal joints - between distal row of carpal bones & metacarpal bones 2) all 3 articulations supported on medial-lateral sides by collateral ligaments 3) movements of wrist joint a) flexion/extension - involve both radiocarpal & midcarpal joints b) abduction/adduction 1) moions limited by styloid processes of radius & ulna - more adduction possible due to greater distance between styloid processes of ulna & carpal bones c) circumduction - combination of above actions |
