Joints

Front 1

Define a joint or articulation

Back 1

Point of contact between two bones or between cartilage and bones

Front 2

Define the structural classification of joints.

Back 2

According to types of material that connects the joints and whether it has a cavity or not.

Front 3

Define the functional classification of joints

Back 3

According to the amount of movement allowed by the joint and the type of movement allowed (3 types) SAD

Front 4

Identify the factors that determine the degree of movement of a joint.

Back 4

the fit

the type of the CT that binds the bone and the position of the ligaments, muscles, and tendons

Front 5

Describe Fibrous Joint in regards to

-structure

-type of movement

-location

-examples of

Back 5

-no joint cavity

-bones are held very close together by fibrous CT

-very little to no movement

Sutures(between crainal plates), syndesmosis(distal tibular-fibular joint), gomphosis(tooth in socket)

Front 6

Describe Cartilaginous Joint in regards to

-structure

-type of movement

-location

-examples of

Back 6

-no joint cavity

-connecting material is hyaline cartilage

-allows little to no movement

Synchondrosis (epiphyseal plate)

Symphysis (intervertebral discs)

Front 7

Describe Synovial Joint in regards to

-structure

-type of movement

-location

-examples of

Back 7

-diarthrotic (freely movable)

-bone separated by synovial fluid within the joint cavity

Front 8

Describe the Joint Cavity in a synovial joint

-structure

-function

Back 8

holds synovial fluid in between joints

prevents bone friction and grinding

Front 9

Describe the Articular Cartilage in a synovial joint

-structure

-function

Back 9

sheath like capsule that encloses the joint cavity

Front 10

Describe the Fibrous Capsule in a synovial joint(articular capsule)

-structure

-function

Back 10

outer layer of the articular capsule

Front 11

Describe the Synovial Membrane in a synovial joint (articular capsule)

-structure

-function

Back 11

inner layer of the articular capsule

Front 12

Describe the Synovial Fluid in a synovial joint (articular capsule)

-structure

-function

Back 12

filtrate of plasma, contains nutrients for cartilage

Front 13

Describe the Reinforcing Ligaments in a synovial joint

Intrinsic or capsular

-structure

-function

Back 13

part of the fibrous capsule

surround joint to give extra strength

Front 14

Describe the Reinforcing Ligaments in a synovial joint

Extracapsular

-structure

-function

Back 14

outside the joint capsule

surrounds joint to give extra strength

Front 15

Describe the Reinforcing Ligaments in a synovial joint

Intracapsular

-structure

-function

Back 15

Deep to the joint capsule and covered in synovial membrane

surrounds joint to give extra strength

Front 16

Describe the Articular Discs (menisci) in a synovial joint

-structure

-function

Back 16

-sometimes present

-pads inside synovial joint

-allow for better fit

Front 17

Describe the Bursae in a synovial joint

-structure

-function

Back 17

-flat sac-like pads of fibrous CT coated in synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid

-reduces friction

Front 18

Describe the Tendon Sheath in a synovial joint

-structure

-function

Back 18

-cylindrical synovial sacs

-double walled

-found where tendons cross joints

Front 19

Identify the factors that influence the stability of synovial joints (which is the most significant)

Back 19

-articular surfaces

-ligaments

-muscle tone (most significant)

Front 20

Define Origin and insertion

Back 20

origin- attachment site that doesn't move during contraction

insertion- attachment site that does move during contraction

Front 21

ID ROM allowed with nonaxial synovial joints

Back 21

slide against each other in all directions

Front 22

ID ROM allowed with uniaxial synovial joints

Back 22

hinge (along one plate) or pivot movements

Front 23

ID ROM allowed with biaxial synovial joints

Back 23

side to side

back and forth

or above and a circle

Front 24

ID ROM allowed with multiaxial synovial joints

Back 24

ball and socket--all kinds

Front 25

describe and give example of

gliding

Back 25

covered with articular cartilage to allow two bones to slide across each other (but not too much)

Front 26

describe and give example of

flexion

Back 26

brings two bones together (bending forward)

flex elbow

Front 27

describe and give example of

extension

Back 27

brings two bones farther apart (bend back)

extend elbow

Front 28

describe and give example of

hyperextension

Back 28

extension beyond anatomical position

wrist, neck

Front 29

describe and give example of

abduction

Back 29

alien

move limb away from midline

arm fingers thumb

Front 30

describe and give example of

adduction

Back 30

move limb toward midline

arms, fingers thumbs

Front 31

describe and give example of

rotation

Back 31

turning movement of a bone around its axis

Front 32

describe and give example of

circumduction

Back 32

distal end of limb moves in a circle, joint is still

Front 33

describe and give example of

inversion

Back 33

pulling inwards

sole of foot points inward

Front 34

describe and give example of

eversion

Back 34

pointing outwards

sole of foot point outwards

Front 35

describe and give example of

dorsiflexion

Back 35

at ankle so foot faces upwards

pulling up foot toward head

Front 36

describe and give example of

plantar flexion

Back 36

at ankle so foot faces downwards

pointing down with toes, gas pedal

Front 37

describe and give example of

protraction

Back 37

to move anteriorly

jaw, shoulders (hunch)

Front 38

describe and give example of

retraction

Back 38

to move posteriorly

shoulders

Front 39

describe and give example of

supination

Back 39

returning to anatomical position front side

hand on counter, flip palm up = supination

Front 40

describe and give example of

pronation

Back 40

returning to anatomical position back side

palm up hand flipped down = pronation

Front 41

describe and give example of

elevation

Back 41

movement in a superior direction

shoulder shrug

Front 42

describe and give example of

depression

Back 42

movement in an inferior direction

Front 43

describe and give example of

plane joints

Back 43

flat surfaces

slipping or gliding movements

intercarpal/tarsal joints (wrists/ankles)

Front 44

describe and give example of

hinge joints

Back 44

cylinder of bone into trough of bone

flexion or extension only

elbow

Front 45

describe and give example of

pivot joints

Back 45

rounded end of one bone in a "sleeve" of bone or ligaments of another

can only twist

head of bone can't move

radius and ulna

Front 46

describe and give example of

condyloid joints

Back 46

oval end of one, depression that matches in other or both are oval

knuckles or wrist/radius joints

biaxial (all angular motions)

Front 47

describe and give example of

saddle joints

Back 47

each bone has concave and convex parts

like condyloid but more movement

thumb

Front 48

describe and give example of

ball and socket joints

Back 48

spherical head in cup shaped joint

free moving

shoulder and hip

Front 49

bursitis

Back 49

inflammation of a bursae due to increase in stress, trauma, or friction

Front 50

sprain

Back 50

injury to ligaments

Front 51

strain

Back 51

overstretching a muscle

Front 52

dislocation

Back 52

bone forced out of joint cavity

Front 53

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 53

autoimmune/systemic disease

in smaller joints

inflammation of synovial membrane that releases enzymes that eat bone and cartilage

Front 54

osteoarthritis

Back 54

"wear and tear" arthritis

more present in larger joints

deterioration of articular cartilage

Front 55

gouty arthritis

Back 55

mostly men

due to build up of uric acid

urate crystals get deposited in soft tissues and joints