Joints

Front 1

Three types of joints

Back 1

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Front 2

Fibrous joints

Back 2

bones joined by fibrous tissue; little movement, ex: skull sutures

Front 3

Cartilaginous joints

Back 3

joined either by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage; variable movement, ex: pubic symphysis

Front 4

Synovial joints

Back 4

articular surfaces separated by fluid filled cavity; greatest movement, ex: shoulder and hip joints

Front 5

Articular cartilage

Back 5

avascular, smooth surfaces, covers the articular surfaces, often degenerates with aging or injury

Front 6

Fibrous Capsule

Back 6

made of collagen fibers, encloses joint cavity by being anchored to periosteum on both sides of the joint cavity, highly vascularized, innervated by pain and proprioceptive fibers

Front 7

Synovial Membrane

Back 7

highly vascularized connective tissue, lines inner surface of joint capsule, does not cover articular surfaces, produces viscious fluid which lubricates the articular surfaces during motion, nutrient source

Front 8

Components of synovial joints

Back 8

articular cartilage, fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments, intra-articular discs/menisci, innervation

Front 9

ligaments

Back 9

specialized connective tissue structures helping to stabilize the jiont, can be capsular, extra-capsular, or intra-articular

Front 10

intra-articular discs/menisci

Back 10

fibrous or fibrocartilage structures attaches at periphery to joint capsule, present where flexion and extensions are associated with gliding (knee or wrist)

Front 11

sternoclavicular joint

Back 11

synovial joint, formed by articulation of medial end of clavicle with clavicular notch on manubrium of the sternum, separated into two cavities by an articular disc, only attachment of the upper limb with the axial skeleton

Front 12

sternoclavicular joint stabilizing structures

Back 12

anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, interclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament

Front 13

acromioclavicular joint

Back 13

weak synovial joint between lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion, articular disc present, more often dislocated

Front 14

acromioclavicular joint stabilizing structures

Back 14

coracoacromial ligament, coracoclavicular ligament, acromioclavicular ligament

Front 15

glenohumeral joint

Back 15

synovial joint between head of humerus and glenoid fossa, deepened by the glenoid labrum, loose fit allows for great freedom of motion, capsule attached to the margin of glenoid fossa and anatomical neck of the humerus, weakest inferiorally

Front 16

glenohumeral joint stabilizing structures

Back 16

coracohumeral ligament, glenohumeral ligaments, musculotendinous cuff, tendon of long head of the biceps brachii, long head of triceps

Front 17

bursae

Back 17

thin walled sac lined with a synovial membrane which acts to allow smooth movement of one structure over or past another

Front 18

bursae stabilizing structures

Back 18

subdeltoid bursa, subscapular bursa

Front 19

costoclavicular ligament

Back 19

most important in preventing displacement of sternoclavicular joint

Front 20

coracoclavicular ligament

Back 20

main support of acromioclavicular joint

Front 21

coracoacromial ligament

Back 21

part of coraco-acromial arch

Front 22

acromioclavicular ligament

Back 22

rather weak ligament of the acromioclavicular joint

Front 23

glenohumeral ligament

Back 23

reinforces the joint capsule anteriorly on its internal surface (superior, middle, inferior ligaments form a Z)

Front 24

musculotendinous cuff

Back 24

as the tendons of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis cross the joint, they help to reinforce the capsule, helps prevent superior and posterior displacement of the humerus

Front 25

tendon of long head of the biceps brachii

Back 25

pierces the joint capsule as the tendon travels in the intertubercular groove; contained within a synovial sheath, held in place by the transverse humeral ligament; gives support to the superior aspect of the joint

Front 26

long head of triceps

Back 26

help stabilize the abducted humerus

Front 27

subdeltoid bursa

Back 27

located between the supraspinatus tendon and the overlying acromion, coracoacromial ligament, and anterior portion of deltoid muscle (coracoacromial arch)

Front 28

subscapular bursa

Back 28

often continuous with the glenohumeral joint capsule; facilitates movement of subscapularis tendon during abduction