Joints

Front 1

joint (articulation)

Back 1

any point where two bones meet

Front 2

arthrology

Back 2

the science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction

Front 3

kinesiology

Back 3

the study of musculoskeletal movement
-A branch of biomechanics, which deals with a broad variety of movements and mechanical processes in the body, including the physics of blood circulation, respiration, and hearing

Front 4

major structural joint types

Back 4

bony joints
fibrous joints
cartilagenous joints
synovial joints`(most common) (can pop)

Front 5

major functional classes

Back 5

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

Front 6

synathrosis

Back 6

little to no movement 0-2 *
fibrous and cartilaginous

Front 7

amphiarthrosis

Back 7

some movement 2-20*
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Front 8

diarthrosis

Back 8

move 20 degrees or more
synovial

Front 9

synostosis (bony joint)

Back 9

immovable joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and bones basicaly become a single bone

Front 10

fibrous joints
-functional class
-definition
-types

Back 10

**(ususaly, but not all) synarthrosis (least range of motion (0-2*))
*a point where adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers
- sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

Front 11

sutures
*definition
-suture types

Back 11

type of fibrous joint found only in skull
*immovable or slightly moveable fibrous joints that bind bones of skull together
-serrate, lap (squamous), plane (butt)

Front 12

serrate

Back 12

firmly interlocking wavy suture

Front 13

lap (squamous)

Back 13

overlapping joints

Front 14

plane (butt)

Back 14

straight, non overlapping joints

Front 15

gomphoses

Back 15

type of fibrous joint
attachment of a tooth to its socket
held in place by periodontal ligament

Front 16

periogdontal ligament

Back 16

collagen fibers that attach a tooth to the jaw bone
allow teeth to move a little while chewing

Front 17

syndesmoses

Back 17

type of fibrous joint'
two bones are bound by longer collagenous fibers than in a suture or gomphosis giving the bones more mobility

Front 18

cartilagenous joints

Back 18

amphiarthrosis
two bones linked by cartilage
-synchodrosis, symphysis

Front 19

synchondrosis

Back 19

type of carilagenous joint

Front 20

symphysis

Back 20

type of cartilagenous joint

Front 21

synovial joint

Back 21

joint in which two bones are seperated by a space called a joint cavity
-most common, most movable, most complex

Front 22

anatomy of synovial joint

Back 22

articular cartilage- covers surfaces of bones
joint (articular)cavity
synovial fluid

Front 23

synovial fluid

Back 23

slippery lubricant in joint cavity
rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid
gives it a viscous, slippery texture
nourishes articular cartilage and removes waste
makes movement of synovial joints almost frictionless

Front 24

classes of synovial joints

Back 24

ball and socket joint
pivot joint
saddle joint
hinge joint
plane joint
condylar joint

Front 25

ball and socket

Back 25

Smooth, hemispherical head fits within a cuplike socket
multiaxial
shoulders
hips

Front 26

condylar joint

Back 26

Oval convex surface on one bone fits into a complementary-shaped depression on the other
– Radiocarpal joint of the wrist – Metacarpophalangeal joints at the bases of the fingers
biaxial joint- two directions

Front 27

Saddle joint

Back 27

Both bones have an articular surface that is shaped like a saddle, concave in one direction and convex in the other
– Trapeziometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb – Sternoclavicular joint: clavicle articulates with
sternum
biaxial joint

Front 28

plane (gliding joint)

Back 28

Flat articular surfaces in which bones slide over each other with relatively limited movement
• Usuallybiaxialjoint – Carpal bones of wrist – Tarsal bones of ankle – Articular processes of vertebrae
•
Although any one joint moves only slightly, the combined action of the many joints in wrist, ankle, and vertebral column allows for considerable movement

Front 29

hinge joint

Back 29

– One bone with convex surface that fits into a concave depression on other bone
– Elbow joint: ulna and humerus – Knee joint: femur and tibia – Finger and toe joints

Front 30

pivot joints

Back 30

Pivot joints
– One bone has a projection that is held in place by a ringlike ligament
Bone spins on its longitudinal axis
– Atlantoaxial joint (dens of axis and atlas) • Transverse ligament
– Proximal radioulnar joint allows the radius to rotate during pronation and supination
• Anular ligament

Front 31

zero position

Back 31

anotomical position

Front 32

flexion

Back 32

movement that decreases joint angle

Front 33

extension

Back 33

movement that straightens a joint and generaly eturns body part to the zero position

Front 34

hyperextension

Back 34

further extension of a joint beyond the zero position

Front 35

abduction

Back 35

movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline

Front 36

adduction

Back 36

movement in the frontal plane toward midline

Front 37

elevation

Back 37

movement that raises a body part verticaly in the frontal plane

Front 38

depression

Back 38

movement that lowers a body part in the same plane

Front 39

protraction

Back 39

the anterior movement of a body part in the transverse (horizontal) plane

Front 40

retraction

Back 40

posterior movement

Front 41

circumduction

Back 41

one end of an appendage remains stationary while the other end makes a circular motion
• Sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction movements
– Baseball player winding up for a pitch

Front 42

rotation

Back 42

movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis
– Rotation of trunk, thigh, head, or arm
• Medial(internal) rotation turns the bone inward
• Lateral (external) rotation turns the bone outward

Front 43

opposition

Back 43

thumb to fingers

Front 44

reposition

Back 44

thumb back to normal