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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What determines the significances |
P value |
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What determines the strength |
Pearson correlation coefficient (r value) |
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Does sognificance tell us about the strength of a relationship? |
No |
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When are your results statistically significant |
When the p value is less than .05 (p<.05) |
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The observed difference is due to chance |
Null hypothesis |
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The observed difference is due to chance |
Null hypothesis |
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The nothing hypothesis The expected outcome When p is greater than .05 you accept this |
Null hypothesis |
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The observed difference is due to chance |
Null hypothesis |
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The nothing hypothesis The expected outcome When p is greater than .05 you accept this |
Null hypothesis |
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When you reject the null hypothesis when its true |
Type 1 error |
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The observed difference is due to chance |
Null hypothesis |
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The nothing hypothesis The expected outcome When p is greater than .05 you accept this |
Null hypothesis |
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When you reject the null hypothesis when its true |
Type 1 error |
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A false positive and error of illusion |
Type 1 error |
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Accepting the null hypothesis when it is not true |
Type 2 error |
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Accepting the null hypothesis when it is not true |
Type 2 error |
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Failing to declare a relationship when there is one False negative “oops i missed something” |
Type 2 error |
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Accepting the null hypothesis when it is not true |
Type 2 error |
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Failing to declare a relationship when there is one False negative “oops i missed something” |
Type 2 error |
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What is the standard p value for medical research |
P is less than .01 (p<.01) |
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Accepting the null hypothesis when it is not true |
Type 2 error |
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Failing to declare a relationship when there is one False negative “oops i missed something” |
Type 2 error |
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What is the standard p value for medical research |
P is less than .01 (p<.01) |
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A coincidental statistical correlation between two variables, shown to be caused by some other “third variable” |
Spurious relationships |
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Accepting the null hypothesis when it is not true |
Type 2 error |
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Failing to declare a relationship when there is one False negative “oops i missed something” |
Type 2 error |
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What is the standard p value for medical research |
P is less than .01 (p<.01) |
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A coincidental statistical correlation between two variables, shown to be caused by some other “third variable” |
Spurious relationships |
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Some other explanation or unseen factor |
Third variable |
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Accepting the null hypothesis when it is not true |
Type 2 error |
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Failing to declare a relationship when there is one False negative “oops i missed something” |
Type 2 error |
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What is the standard p value for medical research |
P is less than .01 (p<.01) |
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A coincidental statistical correlation between two variables, shown to be caused by some other “third variable” |
Spurious relationships |
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Some other explanation or unseen factor |
Third variable |
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How do u determine if a relationship is strong or weak |
Look at the r value and the closer you get to one on either side of the number scale, the stronger it is |
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Accepting the null hypothesis when it is not true |
Type 2 error |
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Failing to declare a relationship when there is one False negative “oops i missed something” |
Type 2 error |
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What is the standard p value for medical research |
P is less than .01 (p<.01) |
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A coincidental statistical correlation between two variables, shown to be caused by some other “third variable” |
Spurious relationships |
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Some other explanation or unseen factor |
Third variable |
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How do u determine if a relationship is strong or weak |
Look at the r value and the closer you get to one on either side of the number scale, the stronger it is |
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Key questions to ask in order to further assess the importance of your findings (4) |
Did the researchers look for third variables How strong is the relationship or differences How large is the effect size (when you take the r value, square it, and turn it into a percentage) Is the null hypothesis also the research hypothesis |
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Know how to keep it real when assessing researching credibility |
Read the url Examine the content Ask about the author Look at the links |
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Know how to keep it real when assessing researching credibility |
Read the url Examine the content Ask about the author Look at the links |
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Define instrument |
Tool that is used to measure the variables representing a concept |
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Know how to keep it real when assessing researching credibility |
Read the url Examine the content Ask about the author Look at the links |
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Define instrument |
Tool that is used to measure the variables representing a concept |
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What we control in an experiment |
Independent variable |
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4 levels of measurement |
Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio |
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Consists of a set of categories that have different names. No quantitative distinctions between observations Give an example |
Nominal measurement Eye color |
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Consists of a set of categories that are organized in an ordered sequence Ranks between size or magnitude Name an example |
Ordinal |
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Consists of a set of categories that are organized in an ordered sequence Ranks between size or magnitude Name an example |
Ordinal |
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Consists of ordered categories where all of the categories are intervals of exactly the same size Equal differences between numbers ln a scale Name an example |
Income 500 600 700 800 |
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Consists of a set of categories that are organized in an ordered sequence Ranks between size or magnitude Name an example |
Ordinal |
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Consists of ordered categories where all of the categories are intervals of exactly the same size Equal differences between numbers ln a scale Name an example |
Income 500 600 700 800 |
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An interval measure with the additonal feature of an absolute zero point |
Ratio 0-100 |
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We use this to make comparisons between content and evaluate relations programs |
Media content |
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We use this to make comparisons between content and evaluate relations programs |
Media content |
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What does media content not show |
Cause and effect |
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Information regarding numbers and quantities |
Quantitative |
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Descriptive data that involves phenomenon which can be observed but no measured |
Qualitative |
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What is definitely observed |
Manifest |
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What is definitely observed |
Manifest |
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What is interpreted |
Latenr meaning |
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Name the 7 steps for content analysis |
1 pick a theory 2. Define the hypothesis/ research question 3. Define population 4. Define unit of analysis 5. Caregories of content 6. Code 7. Analyse |
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Name the 7 steps for content analysis |
1 pick a theory 2. Define the hypothesis/ research question 3. Define population 4. Define unit of analysis 5. Caregories of content 6. Code 7. Analyse |
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How do u show respect in research |
Obtain consent, protect privacy, emphasive voluntary participation |
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Three basic principles of the belmont report |
Respect Beneficence Justice |
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Three basic principles of the belmont report |
Respect Beneficence Justice |
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What is the irb |
Institutional review board |
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What type of researxh does the irb do |
Human subject research |
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What does the 8 pew project focus on |
Media and news, internet and tech |
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What does the 8 pew project focus on |
Media and news, internet and tech |
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What focuses on news audience and trends Engagament and participation with news Social media and news |
Media and news |
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What does the 8 pew project focus on |
Media and news, internet and tech |
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What focuses on news audience and trends Engagament and participation with news Social media and news |
Media and news |
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What focuses on teens and technology and social networking |
Internet and tech |
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What does the 8 pew project focus on |
Media and news, internet and tech |
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What focuses on news audience and trends Engagament and participation with news Social media and news |
Media and news |
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What focuses on teens and technology and social networking |
Internet and tech |
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What type of organization is pew research center |
Nonpartisan (non political) |
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What does the 8 pew project focus on |
Media and news, internet and tech |
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What focuses on news audience and trends Engagament and participation with news Social media and news |
Media and news |
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What focuses on teens and technology and social networking |
Internet and tech |
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What type of organization is pew research center |
Nonpartisan (non political) |
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What is the pew reseach centers main research |
Social science and opinion polling |
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What does the 8 pew project focus on |
Media and news, internet and tech |
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What focuses on news audience and trends Engagament and participation with news Social media and news |
Media and news |
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What focuses on teens and technology and social networking |
Internet and tech |
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What type of organization is pew research center |
Nonpartisan (non political) |
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What is the pew reseach centers main research |
Social science and opinion polling |
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Does the pew research center present research at briefs and meetings? |
Yes |
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Online source that provides the whereabouts of sex offenders in California |
Megans law |
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What information is available from the u.s census bureau |
Accounting of all people living in the u.s including their age sex and race |
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When does the census collect data Is it mandatory |
Every 10 years Yes |
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Main purpose of the census Does it represent congress |
Determining the number of seats in the House of Representatives Determines how the government will spend their funds No |
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When conducting a multiple methods study when would u begin by collecting a qualitative study |
When there is not enough research conducted on the topic already |
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When conducting a multiple methods study when would u begin by collecting a qualitative study |
When there is not enough research conducted on the topic already |
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Whatbare two things you should include when reporting about a research study |
Sample size Margin of error |
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True or false the significance test determines the probability that the null hypothesis is true |
True |
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True or false the significance test determines the probability that the null hypothesis is true |
True |
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When do u fail to reject the null hypothesis |
When p is greater than .05 |
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True or false the significance test determines the probability that the null hypothesis is true |
True |
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When do u fail to reject the null hypothesis |
When p is greater than .05 |
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When do u fail to accept the nu hypothesis |
When p is less than .05 |
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Exercise 7 What is the basic null hypothesis |
Is that there is no relationship between birth order and iq |
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Exercise 7 What is the basic null hypothesis |
Is that there is no relationship between birth order and iq |
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Exercise 7 What was the research hypothesis |
States that the real relationship was between social rank and iq |
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Exercise 7 What is the basic null hypothesis |
Is that there is no relationship between birth order and iq |
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Exercise 7 What was the research hypothesis |
States that the real relationship was between social rank and iq |
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What method did exercise utilize |
Content analysis Examined conscripts in the norwegian military |
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Exercise 7 What is the basic null hypothesis |
Is that there is no relationship between birth order and iq |
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Exercise 7 What was the research hypothesis |
States that the real relationship was between social rank and iq |
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What method did exercise utilize |
Content analysis Examined conscripts in the norwegian military |
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What were the 3 varibales of interest in exercise 7 |
Birth order Life status of siblings Iq |
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P value recorded in exercise 7 What did it tell us |
.76 Told us there was no significance |
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Standard % for strong intercoder reliability |
80% |
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Why is it important to train coders |
We want to make sure coding is consistent across the entire samole |
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When you’re checking coder agreement on a portion of the same content |
Double coding |
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Standard % for strong intercoder reliability |
80% |
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Why is it important to train coders |
We want to make sure coding is consistent across the entire samole |
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When you’re checking coder agreement on a portion of the same content |
Double coding |
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What was the goal of content analysis on exercise 9 |
They investigatdd women’s on screen roles and women’s off screen power in the industry |
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Exercisdid e 9 What methodological flaws were echibited in the second study 3 |
They assumed cause and effect Intercoder reliability was not recorded There were inconsistencies in reporting of their goals and sampling methods |
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Did exercise 9 part 2 really use research questions |
No they sounded more like hypothesis |
