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165 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The first and only jazz festival in the country, and is STILL going on today
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Newport Jazz Festival
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He produced the outdoor Newport Jazz Festival in Rhode Island, among many others in the future
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George Wein
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Hollywood film editor who staged a concert at the Los Angeles Philharmonic Auditorium, called Jazz at the Philarmonic
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Norman Granz
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Norman Granz produced this - featured honking tenor saxophonist Illinois Jacquet
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Jazz at the Philarmonic
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Davis' nine piece band
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Miles Davis Nonent
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A jazz style from the 1950's that is characterized by restraint and European influences
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Cool Jazz
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Sometimes known as West Coast Jazz
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Cool Jazz
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A big band noted for its occasional use of unusual instrumentation, including tuba and French horns
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Claude Thornhill Orchestra
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The band that first defined cool jazz
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Miles Davis Nonet
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Trumpet player in the Miles Davis Nonet - composed and arranged for the group - organized rehearsals and concerts
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Miles Davis
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He didn't play in the Mile's Davis Nonet, but was the spiritual leader
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Gil Evans
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All tweleve compositions of the Mile's Davis Nonet
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Birth of the Cool
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Cool jazz has a melodic content, retains boppish quality, but tends to be ____ rather than hot
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lyrical
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Cool jazz generally has a ______, non-frantic quality that is present even at faster tempos -- smoothed out
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Relaxed
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Cool jazz horn players and rhythm section ten to play ______
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lighter
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Cool jazz puts emphasis on _______ arrangements
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written
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Miles Davis grew up in St. Louis, and his career started when he sat in for the ____ ______ band
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Billy Eckstine
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After Miles Davis sat in with the Billy Eckstine band and made friendships, he moved to _____ to join the music scene
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NYC
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Miles Davis playing with Parker gave him immediate street cred..T/F
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True
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After the Miles Davis Nonet broke up, MIles davis became addicted to ___
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heroin
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Stan Kenton's west coast big band used a word called neophonic, and the word ____ commonly describes his music
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bombastic
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Bob Graettinger delivered his four-part suite titled _____ _____ ____, which took him a year to compete is one of the most adventorous in modern jazz
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City of Glass
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George Russell's ___ ____ ____ ____ __ _____ ____ was the first theoretical contribution to come from jazz and was responsible for introducing modal improvisation, which resulted in the seminal recording of Miles Davis's "Kind of Blue"
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The Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization
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George Russel says that the ancient ___ ____ scaled, rather than the major scale, should be the dominant tonality in Western music
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Greek Lydian
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He is an author of jazz history, French horn technique books, and numerous articles. He is also an educator of private jazz, and served as president of the New England Conservatory of Music
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Gunther Schuller
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Shuller's interest in combining the jazz and classical aesthetics led him to coin the phrase _____ ___, which was controversial at the time, even though it had been going on for many years
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Third Stream
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______ ___ describes a fusion of classical music and jazz
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Third Stream
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Shuller founded the short-lived ____ ______ __ _____, an early jazz education academy
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Lenox School of Jazz
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____ founded the Lenox School of Jazz
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Shuller
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One of the most famous jazz venues in LA, which is 100 feet from the ocean, where they had Sunday afternoon jam sessions
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Lighthouse Cafe
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Rumsey fomalized this group, the ______ ______ ______ ____ _____, including Shorty Rogers, who played at the Lighthouse
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Howard Rumsey's Lighthouse All-Stars
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____ ____ ____ is a term often used to describe the cool jazz of the 1950s
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West Coast Jazz
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Jazz street in LA
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Central Avenue
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The album, _____ ____ set the tone of what would be West Coast Sounds
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Modern Sounds
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_______ ______ recorded Modern Sounds, an eight-piece band similar to Davis's Nonet
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Shorty Rogers
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Baritone saxophonist ___ _____ was the first member after the Miles Davis Nonet to gain fame
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Gerry Mulligan
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Trumpet player who joined Mulligan's quartet
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Chet Baker
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A tiny club in LA on Wilshir Boulevard where Mulligan would often attend, where he met Chet Baker
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Haig
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The West Coast musician that achieved the greatest commercial success over the length of his career was pianist/composer ____ ____, who grew up wanting to be a COWBOY
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Dave Brubeck
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The music of _____ _____ ___ was adventurous, imaginative, and surprisingly similar to that of the Miles Davis Nonet
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Dave Brubeck Octet
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After Brubeck's near fatal swimming accident, he added ____ ____ to the group
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Paul Desmond
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_____ style was lyrical and economical, often compared to a dry martini
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Paul Desmond
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The ____ ______ ______ had college themed albums and were popular on college campuses
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Dave Brubeck Quartet
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Brubeck Quartet's best album, ____ ___, was an experimental venture in odd time measures (unusual groupings)
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Time Out
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First job was with the Stan Kenton Orchestra at age of 17--one of most gifted artists but lots of drugs
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Art Pepper
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Pepper's autobiography
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Straight Life
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Wide disagreement on how to group his music - piano/bass/guitar trio
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Lennie Tristano
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Tristano and his group recorded _____ and ______, two improvised pieces that were spontaneously composed while the tape was running
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Intuition & Digression
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Considered to be the first recordings that can realistically be called free jazz
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Intuition & Digression
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Tristano would _____, the process of combining new material with material already existing on tape
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overdub
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Tristano also opened the ____ ______ __ ______, first schoool dedicated to the study of jazz, in NY
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New School of Music
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The _____ immersed itself in the tradition and culture of European classical music more than anyone else
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MJQ
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MJQ used forms such as ___, which is a formal structure first used during the Baroque era that makes extensive use of counterpoint based on an opening theme of subject
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Fugue
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He was a hard bop recording engineer who worked out of his parent's home
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Rudy Van Gelder
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Group that defined the sound of hard bop, led by Art Blakey and Horace Silver
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The Jazz Messengers
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The leader of the Jazz Messengers - Converted to Islam and changed his name - played loud, aggressive, relentlessly swinging
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Art Blakey
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Piano player for the Jazz Messengers - played a distinctive and funky piano style
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Horace Silver
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Most prolific songwriter of the hard bop ear, and a piano player that played FUNKY - (black gospel music and blues)
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Horace Silver
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Only existed for two years, but was one of the hardest swingng hard bop combos of the era - characterized by fiery playing and Brown's compositions
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Cliffor Brown-Max Roach Quintet
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Didn't use drugs, called the "New Dizzy", died in a car accident on way to Chicago
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Clifford Brown
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Left the Davis Quintet to check into a drug treatment facility
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Sonny Rollins
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Landmark album that was made by Sonny Rollins just after checking out of rehab
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Saxophone Colossus
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Sonny Rollins developed themes and multiple variations of them during his solo improvisations called _______ ______
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thematic improvisation
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He left the music scene not because of drug addiction like the first time, but to further develop himself musically
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Sonny Rollins
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He would practice on the Williamsburg Bridge late at night
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Sonny Rollins
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Played the tenor saxophone in Miles Davis's 50s Quintet - was relativley unknown at the time
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John Coltrane
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Was born into a religious family, played in R&B bands, and had a heroin addiction
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John Coltrane
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Played so forceful, one nicknamed him the angry young tenor - critics were divided about his playing, some saying it sounded like a barking dog
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John Coltrane
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His playing style was concise, economical, brooding, and melancholy, creating a great sence of drama - opposite of Coltrane's
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Miles Davis
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He used a Harmon mute
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Miles Davis
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He needed to fulfill his contract with prestige, so during two marathon sessions he wrote four albums, Workin, Stemin, Cookin, and Relaxin, which were mostly first takes as they might sound in a club
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Miles Davis
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These albums by Miles Davis were first takes as they might sound in a club
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Workin, Cookin, Steamin, Relaxin
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These albums made MIles Davis a jazz superstar, b/c his music was both accessible and authentic, and drew large white and black fans
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Workin, Cookin, Steamin, Relaxin
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After he was fired by Davis, he had a spiritual awakening by the grace of God (who was seen as non-denominational)
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John Coltrane
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His solos began to resemble tidal waves of notes, which one critic labeled sheets of sound
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John Coltrane
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John Coltrane's tidal waves of notes (sounds were light years ahead of the rhythm section)
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Sheets of sound
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White pianist in Miles Davis's group, never felt comfotable so he quit
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Bill Evans
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Often called the first modal jazz album - it was made by Miles Davis
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Kind of Blue
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The form of this Miles Davis album is completely elastic, and open to be expanded or contracted in a spontaneous manner by the performers
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Kind of Blue
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The bass player plays the melody in this Miles Davis album
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Kind of Blue
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Coltrane's album, ______ _____ is composed of complex chord structures with chords and keys that are played astonishingly fast at nearly 300 beats per minute - it was the era's epilogue
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Giant Steps
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______ made the Giant Steps album
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Coltrane
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jazz musicians measure themselves to this Coltrane album
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Giant Steps
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________ ______ was the most independent thinker of the hard bop era, who did things his way and under his own terms
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Charles Mingus
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His music included some of the most adventurous compositions and arrangements of the era
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Charles Mingus
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He fought the status quo of the white controlled jazz industry
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Charles Mingus
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He had a combative, confrontational, and unpredictable personality - "jazz's most persistently apocalyptic voice"
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Charles Mingus
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The issue of race would affect him greatly, because he was not white nor black
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Charles Mingus
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The Holiness Church had a great impact on his life/music - the shouts, cries, calls, responses, and blues still are in his music
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Charles Mingus
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He founded the Jazz Workshop
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Charles Mingus
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The ____ ____ was usually in the form of a medium sized ensemble, was a musical laboratory for experimental new compositions
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Jazz Workshop
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Considered Mingus's best album, ______ ___ ___, explores the balance between the spontaneous and the pre-composed
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Mingus Ah Um
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Mingus's song, ______ __ ____, is a critique of an Arkansas Governor who attempted to block the entry of the first black students into Little Rock's Highschool
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Fables of Faubus
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_____ ______ ___ ____ _______ _____, an epic 37-minute long song by Mingus written in the form of a six-part suite, was one of the most advanced of its time in its use of studio technology
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Black Saint and the Sinner Lady
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Mingus performed a big band recording in front of a live audience at the _________ ______ in NY, which was a train wreck - audience were offered money back at intermission and left
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Town Hall (Known as the Town Hall Concert by Charles Mingus)
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Roach's wife...singer on the We Insist! The Freedom Now Suite
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Abbey Lincoln
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Venus de Milo is by..
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Miles Davis
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Venus de Milo is off the album _____ __ ___ ____
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Birth of the Cool
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City of Glass is by....
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Stan Kenton Orchestra
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City of Glass is off the album ______ ___ _____
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City of Glass
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____ ________ composed City of Glass
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Bog Graettinger
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Line for Lyons is by...
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Gerry Mulligan Quartert
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____ _____ is the trumpeter in Line for Lyons
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Chet Baker
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Blue Rondo a la Turk is by...
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Dave Brubeck Quartet
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Blue Rondo a la Turk is off the album ___ ____
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Time Out
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Played in 2+2+2+3 rhythm
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Blue Rondo a la turk
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Vendome is by...
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Modern Jazz Quartet
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Vendome is off the album _____
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Pyramid
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Vendome was recorded in _____ _____
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New York
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Doodlin' is by....
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Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers
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Love is a Many Splendored Thing is by....
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Clifford Brown-Max Roach Quintet
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_______ ______ plays the tenor sax in Love is a Many Splendored Thing
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Sonny Rollins
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Flamenco Sketches is by....
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Miles Davis Sextet
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Flamenco Sketches is off the album _____ ___ by the Miles Davis Sextet
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Time Out
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_______ _____ was recorded at the Columbia 30th Street Studios in NY
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Flamenco Sketches
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Freedom Part 2 is by....
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Charles Mingus
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Freedom Part 2 is off the album ______ _____ ________ by Charles Mingus
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Town Hall Concert
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Triptych is by.....
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Max Roach
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Trpitych is off the album _____ _______ by Max Roach
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We Insist!
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________ _____ sings in Triptych, by Max Roach
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Abbey Lincoln
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Invisible is by....
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Ornette Coleman Quartet
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Invisible was recorded in _____
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LA
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Enter, Evening is by...
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Cecil Taylor Unit
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Enter, Evening is off the album ____ ____
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Unit Structures
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Had very rough child hood - kicked off stage plenty of times - beaten savagely - stranded (mom had to mail him canned foods) - rejection common theme
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Ornette Coleman
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This quartet was pianoless, which allowed them to establish CHORD CHANGES
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Coleman's Quartet
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This album helped establish Coleman as the visionary leader of the "New Thing"
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The Shape of Jazz to Come
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Coleman's Quartet was piano-less, which allowed them to establish ______ ______
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chord changes
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This album by Coleman consited of one song, which fades out on side one and continues on side 2 --- sounds like some sort of musical science fiction project
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Free Jazz: A collective Improvisation
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This album by Coleman and his seven other members redifined the highly structured jazz performance, by the way the soloist did their solos
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Free Jazz: A collective Improvisation
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_______ ________ withdrew from music for two years becasue he found out Brubeck played at bigger venues for twice the money
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Ornette Coleman
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He introduced a new vision and vocab for jazz, but he's widely criticized for his lack of traditional technique and general playing skills
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Ornette Coleman
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When he returned from his two year break, he was playing the violin and had his 10 year old son on drums
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Ornette Coleman
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Unlike Coleman, he was born into a rich, talented family and started lessons at age of 5 and went to the NEF
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Cecil Taylor
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Piano player with thick harmonic textures, very fast Tristano-like melodic lines, avantgarde style, desne tone clusters, extremely percussive attack, and his music did not swing
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Cecil Taylor
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He held imaginary concerts in his loft to try to retain the energy of performing in front of live audiences
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Cecil Taylor
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Excellent examples of the metrically free rhythmic direction of Cecil Taylor's group can be heard on the album ______ ________
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Unit Structures
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The evolution of his playing included him playing the soprano saxophone and modal harmonies in his Quartet
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John Coltrane
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Critics weren't happy with _________ because of the new screams, squawks, and LONGER solos on his newer albums
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Coltrane
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Chasin' the Trane is by....
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John Coltrane Quartet
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Chasin' the Trane is off the album _____ ___ __ ______ _____
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Live at the Village Vanguard
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The album that signaled a transition to Coltrane's final chapter in his career is ___ _____
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Love Supreme
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Coltrane's album which is a four-part meditation inspired by his spiritual awakening (Acknowledgement, Resolution, Pursuance, and Pslam)
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Love Supreme
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Most controversial albums of Coltrane's career --- one forty minute collective improvisation by an 11 piece ensemble
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Ascension
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The _____ _____ scene evolved from thousands of immigrants, lured by industrial and aerospace jobs, warm weather, beaches, and Disney Land
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West Coast
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______ ______ was the 12 mile long north-south main street running through the LA's black neighborhood that was home to jazz and blues clubs
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Central Avenue
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______ _______ put together a quartet to play at a small club on Wilshire Blvd.
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Gerry Mulligan
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____ became synonymous with West Coast Jazz
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cool
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Gerry Mulligan Quartets gig at the Haig and the release of Modern Sounds by Shorty Rogers began _____ _____ ______
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West Coast Jazz
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_____ musicians benefited most from the popularity of the West Coast cool scene
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White
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West Coast and ____ jazz are interchangeable terms
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cool
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a jazz style from the 1950s that is characterized by restraint and European influences
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Cool (west coast) jaz
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Light, laid back, lyrical, European, arranged...all characteristics of ____ jazz
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cool
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_____ took over source over entertainment, instead of jazz
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TV
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virtually all musicians who played cool jazz were ____
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white
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Jazz lost it's place in culture because of TV, Rock and Roll, and ____
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r&b
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a more dance-oriented and commercial evolution of the electrified urban blues that first emerged in Chicago
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R&B
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Often used electric instruments, primarly built upon 12-bar blues, boogie-woogie bass line, and a honking tenor sax..high energy, driving, and had VOCALS
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R&B
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Landmark ruling by the US Supreme Court that dismantled racial segregation in public schools
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Brown vs. Board of Education
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Introduced by Columbia Records, called the LP, made from vinyl, could record several songs on each side instead of just one
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33-1/3 rpm album
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A new hybrid style emerged that embraced both the tones of bebop with the music of black popular tradition
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Hard bop
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___ ___ embraced gospel music, the blues, and R&B...black roots, simpler harmonies..was intense, soulful, simple, pulsing...not hot or cold
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Hard bop
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___ ____ was an urban, East Coast music, foundation was in NYC
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hard bop
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____ was home to the big four independent labels that specialized in hard bop
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NYC
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no direction or resolution - abandonment of primary key center
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atonality
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