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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Colony |
a settlement that is owned by another country. (Jamestown was a settlement in the colony of Virginia. England owned the colony so the people in Jamestown were English colonists.) |
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Colonist |
a person who settles in a colony |
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financed |
paid for
(the Virginia Company of London financed the Jamestown Colony) |
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profit |
money earned after all expenses have been paid |
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stockholders |
people who pay money for stock in a companu. If the company makes money the people get to keep part of the profit |
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economic venture |
a business that is started with the hope that it will make money (a profit)
Jamestown was an economic venture financed (paid for) by the Virginia Company of London |
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fresh water |
water that comes from a river, stream, or lake (not salt water from a bay or ocean) |
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site |
land where something is located |
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charter |
a formal written statement of rights and responsibilities
The Virginia Company of London was granted a charter by King James I of England to start a colony in the New World |
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raw material |
something found in nature, not produced by man (gold, silver, lumber) |
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agriculture |
farming |
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Expanding to the New World |
In the 1600s many countries in Europe (England, Spain, France) wanted to start colonies in the New World to expand their empire |
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Charter from King James I |
1. In 1607, King James I granted a charter to the Virginia Company of London to start a colony in the New World. 2. This was an economic venture. The stockholders in the VA Company wanted to make money and hoped to find gold and silver. 3. The Charter allowed the VA Company of London to: - establish a settlement (colony in North America) - extended English rights to the settlers (colonists) - they would have all of the rights as other Englishmen |
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Voyage to the New World |
1. In Dec 1606, 3 ships left England for the New World 2. The captain of the ships was Christopher Newport 3. 104 men and boys were on the ships. These were mostly gentlemen (non-workers) with few survival skills and a few skilled workers 4. The voyage took 104 days (3 1/2 months) 5. There were NO women on the 1st voyage |
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Beginning of Jamestown Settlement |
When the settlers arrived in late April/early May of 1607, what is now Jamestown was located on a narrow peninsula surrounded on 3 sides by the James River. (Today Jamestown is located on an island in the James River. |
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Why was the Jamestown site chosen |
The Jamestown site (location) was chosen because: - it could easily be defended from Spanish attack (England & Spain were enemies) - the water was deep enough for ships to dock they THOUGHT there was a good supply of fresh water (they found this NOT to be true) |
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Building of the fort |
The colonists built a fort in the shape of a triangle - They built a tall palisade fence with cannons in each corner (They were worried about Spanish and Indian attacks)
They built a church, small huts, and storage warehouses |
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Problems and hardships in Jamestown |
There were many problems and hardships in Jamestown: - the site was marshy (brackish) and did not have safe drinking water - the settlers did not have survival skills (mostly gentlemen) - many settlers died of starvation & disease (mosquitoes carried disease; there was not enough food & the colonists did not know how to farm the land) |
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Reasons for Choosing the Jamestown Site |
Location: it could easily be defended by attack at sea
Deep Water: along the shore, it was deep enough for ships to dock
Fresh Water: they believed they had a good supply of fresh water |
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New leader for Jamestown: Captain John Smith |
John Smith: - made a forced work program: "He who shall not work, shall not eat!"
- explored the area and made maps
- made friends with the Powhatan Indians |
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Changes that helped the Jamestown Colony survive |
- John Smith's forced work program - the arrival of supply ships from England - the emphasis on agriculture (farming) so that the colonists could provide their own food - John Smith began trading with the Indians. The English colonists traded tools, pots, guns, and copper to the Indians for food, furs and leather |
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How the Powhatan Indians helped the Jamestown Colony survive for several years |
- Chief Powhatan supported the Indians teaching the settlers survival skills. They introduced agriculture (farming skills) - corn and tobacco
- Pocahontas (daughter of Powhatan) - became friends with the colonists - saved John Smith (legend) - married John Rolfe |
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Powhatan Contributions to Survival of Jamestown |
living in harmony
friendship
introducing crops - corn and tobacco introduced to the English by the Powhatans |
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Fall 1609 |
John Smith was injured in a gunpowder accident and was forced to return to England |
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Winter of 1609 |
- known as Starving Time
- Indian relations were poor without John Smith - little trading
- Many supplies were destroyed by fire
- Many colonists died of starvation and disease |
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End of winter of 1609-1610 |
only 60 out of several hundred colonists survived the winter (about 1/3 left) |
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May 1610 |
- ships arrived with settlers but few supplies because the supplies had been lost in a shipwreck
- colonists were ready to return to England and call Jamestown a failure |
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June 1610 |
new ships arrived with: - supplies - 300 new settlers - a new strong leader |
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After June 1610 |
- fort was repaired and 2 new forts were built
- colony grew and prospered (improved). By 1613, there were 700 more colonists in Virginia. James town was a successful English colony |
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England's expectations for Jamestown |
- 1613 - Jamestown Colony was now successful.
- England wanted the colony to begin making money (a profit) |
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Unsuccessful attempts to make money |
- glassmaking
- silk
- lumber
- iron products |
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Successful attempt to make money |
John Rolfe (Pocohontas's husband) was a colonist
- he brought back mild tobacco seeds to Jamestown from the Carribbean
- the colonists were successful in making money from this tobacco in England |
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Cash Crop |
a crop (plant) that makes money (profit)
**Tobacco became Jamestown's first cash crop
- colonists began to export (send) the tobacco to England to sell - tobacco was even used for money - tobacco was sometimes called "green gold" b/c it was green and it was used as money (like gold) |
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Tobacco was important to colony |
Import to the colony for 2 main reasons:
- it provided a way for the colony to support itself instead of just depending on England
- it attracted new settlers who wanted to come to Virginia to make money |
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3 random facts for post June 1613 |
- John Rolfe's marriage to Pocahontas brought 8 years of peace with the Indians
- new homes were now being safely built outside the forts
- the Indians would soon come to see the colonists as invaders who wanted to take their land |
