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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the 2 purposes of personnel psychology?
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- matching workers to jobs
- helping employers effectively use employees |
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What does a job analysis analyze?
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- job description
- personnel specification |
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What are the 2 purposes of the performance evaluation?
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- determine raises & worth of the job
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What are the 4 biases that affect subjective criterion measures?
What is the best way to reduce rater bias? |
- halo effect
- central tendency - leniency - strictness - training |
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When selecting personnel what does a company want?
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low selection ratio & a moderate base rate
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What is the validity of the following selection methods: cognitive tests, biodata, interviews, work samples, & interest tests? Name what they're valid for...
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- cognitive tests are most predictive of job performance
- biodata are highly predictive of turnovers - interviews are commonly used but subject to bias - work samples are valid particularly as a preview to the job so decreases turnover - interest tests are not predictive of work performance but used to predict job satisfaction |
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What are the Big 5 personality traits (mnemonic CANOE)?
How where they identified? Which one is most linked w/job performance? |
- conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extroversion
- factor analysis of dictionary (lexical approach) - conscientiousness |
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What are two aspects of adverse impact?
What rule is used to determine adverse impact? |
- differential validity & unfairness
- 80% rule(if selection rate of minorities is less than 80% of the majority group) |
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What is BARS?
What does it improve? What is a negative of using BARS? |
- workers are rated on whether they demonstrate certain critical incidents of the job
- rater accuracy - limited to job created for |
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What is the name of a type of training used to reduce rater bias?
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- frame of reference training
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In personnel selection, an applicant needs to have what 4 things (KSAP)?
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- knowledge, skills, abilities, & personal characteristics
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What type of employees are assessed by an assessment center?
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administrators & managers
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Of the following 3 techniques used to combine personnel selection predictors (muliple regression, multiple cutoff, or multiple hurdle), which one is a compensatory technique?
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multiple regression
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What is vestibule training?
Who is it least effective for? |
-on site simulation job training
-management |
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Aptitude and achievement tests can both be considered what...
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ability tests
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Hollands theory talks about? Holland's 6 personality types in order are (mnemonic RIASEC)?
Holland's concept of congruence means? |
- occupational environment in which the person would be most satisfied & productive
- realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional - there needs to be a fit between personality type & occupational environment |
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What did Roe's field and levels theory state?
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parenting orientation -> child personality -> occupational outcome
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What did Super's career theory state?
Super stated job choice, job satisfaction, & life satisfaction are predicated by? What did Super state dictates mastery w/in each stage? What type of figure did Super use to illustrate his theory? |
- career development occurs in 5 developmental stages
- self concept - career maturity - life career rainbow |
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What was Tiedemon & Ohare's decision making theory?
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application of Erikson's theory to career choice
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What does scientific management state will motivate workers?
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extrinsic rewards
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What does the human relations approach state will motivate workers?
What study supported the human relations approach? |
- social factors
- hawthorne effect |
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what is theory z?
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a management philosophy that combines american & japanese philosophies
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Name 3 types of leaders identified in early research by Lewin?
Which one is associated w/worker satisfaction? Which one is associated w/ productivity? |
- autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire
- democratic - autocratic |
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Has a particular personality trait/set of traits been found among good vs. bad leaders?
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no
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What 2 things does Fielder's contingency (LPC) theory state?
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-the most effective leaders have a leadership style that matches the demands of the situation
- a leader who favors their least preferred coworker (LPC) is most effective in a moderately favorable situations |
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What did Hershey & Blanchard's situational leadership model state?
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optimal leader style dependent on job maturity of the workers
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How is transformational and transactional leaders different?
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transformational focused on change and higher ideals; transactional focused on stability and rewards/ punishers
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Vroom & Yetton's Normative model dealt with...
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how included workers are in the decision making process
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What is a Quality circle?
What is it's effect? |
- an intervention that redesigns jobs to increase organizational effectiveness
- temporary improvement of motivation & productivity |
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In what 2 ways do organizational surveys improve organizational effectiveness?
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- increase awareness
- give employees sense of influencing the organization |
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What is the purpose of process consultation?
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help team members improve their interpersonal interactions
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When is a centralized organization most effective and when is a decentralized organization most effective?
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- centralized - when task is simple
- decentralized - when task is complex |
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What is rational-economic decision making?
What is administrative decision making? |
- rational economic= searching for solutions & weighing alternatives
- administrative= selecting first minimally acceptable solution |
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What 2 things does the loss aversion research show?
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- people are adverse to loss
- people will take more risk to avoid loss |
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What 3 things does the research on women find?
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- women & men do not differ in leadership style
- physical attractiveness decreases ratings for women - women rated lower when use leadership styles that are stereotypically male styles |
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What is comparable worth?
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men & women should get equal pay for jobs of equivalent worth
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Does Maslow's hierarchy of needs apply to workplace settings?
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no
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What is McClelland's need for achievement theory most related to?
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entrepreneurial success
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In Herzberg's two factor theory what decreases dissatisfaction? what increases satisfaction?
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- decreases dissatisfaction= increase in lower level needs
- increases satisfaction= increase in motivator factors |
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Increases in skill variety, task significance, autonomy, and feedback results in ...
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increase in job satisfaction & work quality
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In expectancy theory what are expectancy beliefs, instrumentality beliefs, and valence?
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-expectancy beliefs= effort -> successful performance
-instrumentality beliefs= successful performance-> certain outcomes -valence= certain outcomes are desirable |
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Deci's model of instrinsic motivation states that...
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when extrinsic rewards are given person believes their behavior is motivated by external, so if external taken away then person no longer motivated
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How is increased job satisfaction related to age, status, turnover/ absenteeism, & health?
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-increase satisfaction as we age
-increase satisfaction as status increases -increase satisfaction cause lower absenteeism & turnover -increase satisfaction related to better health |
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How are people and machines different?
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people flexible and better w/inductive (able to generalize)
machines consistent and better w/deductive |
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what causes most stress for psychotherapists?
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lack of therapeutic success
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what percentage of accidents is due to human error?
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50-80%
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what 2 things in safety campaigns will increase their effectiveness?
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- provide incentives
- use positive programs |
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Locke stated that the goal of behavior is to...
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serve as motivation and direct behavior
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