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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is social psychology? |
It is the scientific study of how individuals think, feel or behave in a variety of different situations. |
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Provide two questions from daily life that social psychologists are trying to answer? |
Why is losing weight challenging ?
What are the factors influencing Trump's popularity in the American presidential election? |
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How is social psychology different from clinical psychology? |
Clinical psychology focuses on the abnormal feelings or behaviors of an individual whereas social psychology focuses on typical feelings and behaviors. Research does intersect, both fields could study the effects of bullying or stereotypes or the influence cult leaders have in their followers. |
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How is social psychology different than personality psychology? |
Both study a person's thoughts, feelings and behaviors but personality psychologist focus on the consistency of these thoughts feelings and behaviors across different situations. Social psychologists study how these behaviors and thought and feelings change due to particular social situations.
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How is social psychology different from cognitive psychology? |
Both fields explore how people think, feel, reason, and remember. Social psychology specifically focused on these reactions in a social context. The integration of these two fields has become increasingly popular over the past two decades. |
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How is social psychology different from sociology? |
Both fields explore similar topics but sociologists take a macro approach to questions like marriage and cultural differences. Social psychologists focus on the perspective of the individual in those types of situations. |
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Provide examples of common sense sayings about human behaviors in social situations. |
Birds of a feather flock together. Opposites attract. Nice guys finish last. Early bird catches the worm. Kill two birds with one stone. |
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Provide examples of common sense sayings about human behaviors in social situations. |
Birds of a feather flock together. Opposites attract. Nice guys finish last. Early bird catches the worm. Kill two birds with one stone. |
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Describe how social psychological findings may be distinguished from common sense or traditional folk wisdom. |
Research and evidence can either confirm or dispute common sense beliefs. Research can also reflect the complexity of human thought, behavior and feelings that a common sense phrase cannot adequately provide. |
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What is the first major period in social psychology history? |
1880s-1920s Norman Triplett was the first researcher to publish an article about social psychology. He observed that cyclists tended to ride faster when racing others than racing the clock. He organized a careful, scientific study to explore this phenomenon.
Max Ringelmann did research in the 1880s as well but his research on how people performed while being watched was not published until 1913.
Social psychology was not distinguished as a field until these three researchers published textbooks: William McDougall Edward Ross Floyd Allport/ especially influential because he clearly chronicled his experimentation and scientific procedures. |
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What is the second period in social psychology? |
1930s-1950s- A call to action
Hitler's rise to power and his ensuing destruction was influential in this period of social psychology. People wanted to understand violence, conformity, prejudice, genocide. As well, many social psychologists fled Europe to North America which effected the growth of the field. This period of time reflected a significant increase in interest in the field of scopula psychology. |
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What is the second period in social psychology? |
1930s-1950s- A call to action
Hitler's rise to power and his ensuing destruction was influential in this period of social psychology. People wanted to understand violence, conformity, prejudice, genocide. As well, many social psychologists fled Europe to North America which effected the growth of the field. This period of time reflected a significant increase in interest in the field of scopula psychology. |
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Which social psychologists were influential in the 1930s-1950s? |
Gordon Allport, (brother to Floyd Allport), helped form the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues.
Muzafer Sharif- Turkish psychologist who published groundbreaking work in 1936 about the influence of groups on individual behavior. His work was inspired but witnessing the killing of his friends by Greek soldiers. His research demonstrated that complex social issues can be scientifically studies and it laid the groundwork for the major topic in social psychology, social influence.
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What is the second period in social psychology? |
1930s-1950s- A call to action
Hitler's rise to power and his ensuing destruction was influential in this period of social psychology. People wanted to understand violence, conformity, prejudice, genocide. As well, many social psychologists fled Europe to North America which effected the growth of the field. This period of time reflected a significant increase in interest in the field of scopula psychology. |
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Which social psychologists were influential in the 1930s-1950s? |
Gordon Allport, (brother to Floyd Allport), helped form the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues.
Muzafer Sharif- Turkish psychologist who published groundbreaking work in 1936 about the influence of groups on individual behavior. His work was inspired but witnessing the killing of his friends by Greek soldiers. His research demonstrated that complex social issues can be scientifically studies and it laid the groundwork for the major topic in social psychology, social influence.
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What influence did Kurt Lewin have on the field of social psychology? |
He developed concepts that had enduring influence in the field of social psychology. 1) "behavior is a function of the interaction between the person and the environment". This would later become known as the interactionist perspective. This concept was a departure from popular concepts of the time like psychoanalysis, which focused on introspection and internal influences, and behaviorism, which focused on external influences.
2) "social psychological theories should be applied to important, practical issues. |
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What is the second period in social psychology? |
1930s-1950s- A call to action
Hitler's rise to power and his ensuing destruction was influential in this period of social psychology. People wanted to understand violence, conformity, prejudice, genocide. Social influence became a popular area to study. As well, many social psychologists fled Europe to North America which effected the growth of the field. This period of time reflected a significant increase in interest in the field of social psychology. |
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Which social psychologists were influential in the 1930s-1950s? |
Gordon Allport, (brother to Floyd Allport), helped form the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues.
Muzafer Sharif- Turkish psychologist who published groundbreaking work in 1936 about the influence of groups on individual behavior. His work was inspired but witnessing the killing of his friends by Greek soldiers. His research demonstrated that complex social issues can be scientifically studies and it laid the groundwork for the major topic in social psychology, social influence.
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What influence did Kurt Lewin have on the field of social psychology? |
He developed concepts that had enduring influence in the field of social psychology. 1) "behavior is a function of the interaction between the person and the environment". This would later become known as the interactionist perspective. This concept was a departure from popular concepts of the time like psychoanalysis, which focused on introspection and internal influences, and behaviorism, which focused on external influences.
2) "social psychological theories should be applied to important, practical issues" - "no research without action, no action without research" - foundation for applied psychology which influences areas like health care, advertising, politics, religion, sports - also influenced other social psychologists who studied topics like how to protect soldiers from enemy propaganda, increase war support from citizens |
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Explain why the 1960s to the mid-1970s was a period of confidence and crisis for social psychology. |
It was a time of confidence because the field of social psychology exploded with interest and research. Canadian government started to provide funding for research which attracted American researchers. Topics being studied became diversified and the sheer amount of research increased as well.
It was a time of crisis largely due to conflict over how lab experiments were conducted. Some critics asserted that experiments were unethical, that researcher's expectations influenced the results and that research lacked historical and cultural diversity. Feminist research was not given due attention. Others supported lab experiments, believing they were ethical, and yielded valid results and results were applicable. |
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How was the crisis for social psychology resolved in the mid-70s to the 1990s? |
Crisis was resolved by improving lab experiments. Ethical standards increased, better procedures were in place to decrease bias and cross cultural effect on behavior was acknowledged. Social psychology adopted a pluralistic approach to research- not every type of research is appropriate for every study topic so a wide range or research techniques is required.
Pluralism not only refers to methods of research but also to perspectives towards research. For instance, examining |
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Describe how social psychology incorporates cognitive perspectives of human behaviour in the new century. |
Cognitive perspective- focuses on how people perceive, remember, and understand information about themselves and others. These are often referred to as 'cold' variables. Currently the study of 'hot' variables is becoming more popular. These variables are things like emotions and motivations and how they influence a person's thoughts and feelings.
Example of two studies: How do people navigate the conflicting need to be accurate in how we judge ourselves and others and the desire to avoid hearing negative things about ourselves or loved ones.
Study of stereotypes and whether they can be activated subconsciously - people are someone's surprised in studies when they discover their answer was racist or ageist even though they don't consciously belief those things. Studies examine how automatic responses can be controlled. |
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Describe how social psychology incorporates a biological perspective of human behaviour in the new century. |
Biological perspective- studying questions such as, how does being the target of racism effect a person's heart rate? Or, how does stress influence an athletes performance. Social neuroscience is an emerging field. Examines how social experiences influence our brain and biology and how our brain and biology influence our social experiences.
Example: how amygdala responds when person is exposed to members of own race or a different race. Or, what neurological responses does social rejection create in our brain which in turn influences our aggression. |
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Describe how social psychology incorporates an evolutionary perspective of human behaviour in the new century. |
Evolutionary psychology- understand behavior through the perspective of evolutionary principles. Ex: jealousy, how did it evolve from natural selection pressures that our ancestors faces. This perspective also used to predict differences in gender and jealous feelings as well as situations most likely to trigger jealousy. |
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Describe how social psychology incorporates a sociocultural perspective of human behaviour in the new century. |
Culture- the lasting beliefs, language and social customs shared amongst a group of people and are passed from generation to generation. The desire to understand how culture influences social interaction has really grown recently there has been an increase in cross cultural and multi cultural studies. Also, more studies are being done to determine if certain theories can be applied cross culturally, universally, or culturally specifically.
Ex: comparing the conflict of wanting to be right with wanting to feel good about oneself between collectivist cultures, like Asia or Latin America, and individualist cultures, like North America and Europe. Turns out that people from individualist areas tended to speak more positively of themselves than people from collectivist cultures, who tended to have a more balanced perspective of themselves.
There are also more studies on the influence of sociocultural factors in aggression or conformity. Previously the research had been largely conducted on male participants which failed to recognize the types of aggression in girls. |
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In what ways are new technologies changing social psychological research? |
New technologies, like the use of neuroscience techniques such as PET scan, ERP, transcranial magnetic stimulation and fMRI, give insight into connection between brain and thoughts and feelings and behavior.
Ex: new technology of virtual reality allows researchers to study how a person might react in a certain situation. Technology also influences the topics of study. Emergence of internet has altered how people interact, like FB, online dating, Twitter and therefor also influenced attraction and aggression conformity. How do these new technologies influence how people act, understand others and perceive themselves? |
