Introduction To Social Psychology

Front 1

What is a more powerful determinant of behavior: social situations or individual dispositions?

Back 1

Social situations

Front 2

Social ______ create social ______ and ______ individual psychological states.

Back 2

Expectations
Reality
Internalized

Front 3

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Back 3

The tendency to under-estimate the role of the situation and over-estimate the role of personal dispositions.

Front 4

What are the observers and what do they do in the "Actor/Observer Difference" ?

Back 4

- person explaining the behavior of another
- tend to commit the fundamental attribution error

Front 5

What are the actors and what do they do in the "Actor/Observer Difference" ?

Back 5

- person explaining their own behavior
- commit the error much less frequently, commonly explaining / describing their own behavior as related to situation factors

Front 6

What are the three main sub-topics of the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?

Back 6

1) Perceiver Impression Formation
2) Perceiver Behaves Consistently with Expectations
3) Target's Behavior Adjusts

Front 7

In step 1 of the self-fulfilling prophecy, how are the perceiver's impressions formed?

Back 7

- actively formed
- passively received

Front 8

In step 2 of the self-fulfilling prophecy, what is occurring?

Back 8

perceiver expectations are communicated and expressed, often nonverbally and with minimal, if any, consciousness of doing so

Front 9

In step 3 of the self-fulfilling prophecy how does the target's behavior adjust and to what?

Back 9

unconsciously and reactively to the perceiver's expectations

Front 10

What was the IV of Robert Rosenthal's experiment on self-fulfilling prophecy of IQ scores?

Back 10

Teacher's expectations - these kids are going to be smarter based on "Harvard test"

Front 11

What was the DV of Robert Rosenthal's experiment on self-fulfilling prophecy of IQ scores?

Back 11

Teacher's behavior towards kids

Front 12

What were the results of Robert Rosenthal's experiment on self-fulfilling prophecy of IQ scores?

Back 12

Kids got smarter when teachers expected them to get smarter.

Front 13

What were Rosenthal's four casual factors / mechanisms for explaining why the "academic bloomers" got smarter.

Back 13

1) Climate
2) Input
3) Response Opportunity
4) Feedback

Front 14

What does climate mean in Rosenthal's Teacher Expectations Experiment?

Back 14

warmer climate (nicer) to smarter kids which increased improvement

Front 15

What does input mean in Rosenthal's Teacher Expectations Experiment?

Back 15

More material to "smart" kids; less material to dumb kids because they can't learn so why try?

Front 16

What does response opportunity mean in Rosenthal's Teacher Expectations Experiment?

Back 16

kids have a better chance to respond (called on more often)

Front 17

What does feedback imply in Rosenthal's Teacher Expectations Experiment?

Back 17

Kids are praised with positive reinforcement and more and there is also less negative reinforcement to "dumb kids"

Front 18

What were the 4 DV's of the welding experiment?

Back 18

1) absent less
2) learned material 2x as fast
3) scored 10 points higher on test
4) most preferred to work with by peers

Front 19

What is confirmation bias?

Back 19

tendency to search for or interpret new information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions and avoids information that does not

Front 20

In the need for self-esteem what two identities play a role?

Back 20

1) personal identity
2) social identity

Front 21

What does the personal identity lead to?

Back 21

- personal achievements which leads to self-esteem

Front 22

What two things does one's social identity lead to?

Back 22

- favoritism towards ingroups
- derogation of outgroups
--> both lead to self-esteem

Front 23

When does private conformity take place?

Back 23

When there is a change of behavior and mind

Front 24

When does public conformity take place?

Back 24

When there is a change of behavior but not a change of mind

Front 25

What is the information influence effect?

Back 25

When subjects conform because they assume the majority is correct.

Front 26

In Solomon Asch's Conformity study, what percentage of people yielded to group influence?

Back 26

37% of the time

Front 27

What percentage of "teacher's" went all the way in Milgram's Obediance Studies?

Back 27

65%

Front 28

What are examples of varying authority in Milgram's Obediance Studies?

Back 28

Yale vs. rundown office
experimenter physically present vs over the phone
professor vs ordinary person

Front 29

What are examples of victim proximity in Milgram's Obediance Study

Back 29

Sepearated vs in same room vs in same room and physically touching

Front 30

What is groupthink?

Back 30

trying to avoid controversy so members don't talk about concerns and end up making bad decisions
-- need a devil's advocate

Front 31

What is group polarization?

Back 31

Talking about something and personal leans become stronger.

Front 32

What is deindividuation?

Back 32

anonymity, go along with others due to diffusion of responsibility

Front 33

What are the four factors in the bystander intervention effect?

Back 33

1) diffusion of responsibility
2) fear of social blunder
3) anonymity
4) implicit-cost benefit calculator

Front 34

What four processes must occur or no helping occurs?

Back 34

1) Notice the event
2) Interpret it as an emergency
3) Assume responsibility
4) Decide to intervene