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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is personality? |
Unique and stable ways people think, feel, and behave. |
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What is personality comprised of? |
Traits, Character, and Temperament |
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What is personality also? |
Personality is also the study of individuals -- the underlying causes within the person of individual behavior and experience. |
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What are three questions regarding personality? |
1. How can personality be described? 2. How can we understand personality dynamics? 3. What can be said about personality development? |
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What are three ways to describe personality? |
Types, Traits, and Factors |
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What are two ways to observe personality? |
Comparing people and studying individuals.
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What is it called when you compare people in order to study personality? |
Nomothetic |
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How does Nomothetic observation work? |
Studies many people and compares them on only a few numerical scores? |
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What's wrong with Nomothetic observation? |
it makes it difficult to understand one whole person |
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What is it called when you study individuals for personality? |
Idiographic |
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What's wrong with Idiographic observation? |
Difficult! Because any description of a person implies comparison with other people. |
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personality |
the underlying causes within the person of individual behavior and experience. |
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personality dynamics |
A mechanism by which personality is expressed, often focusing on the motivations that direct behavior. |
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What are the different personality dynamics? |
adaptation and adjustment cognitive processes culture |
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adaptation and adjustment |
how we cope with the world, how we adjust to demands and opportunities in environment |
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cognitive processes |
what role does thinking play? also, the ways that we label experience and the idea we have about ourselves have substantial effects on our own personality dynamics. |
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culture |
east versus west mentality, generation mentality |
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personality development |
biological factors personality changes by learning critical years changes in adulthood changing personality at will |
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The scientific approach |
systematic observation and modification determinism theory ( theoretical constructs and propositions) |
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criteria of a good theory |
verifiable comprehensive applied value parsimony heuristic value |
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Does Freud believe that conscious experience predicts behavior and coping? |
No, he thinks unconscious is more important. |
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Who is Freud? |
he is the father of psychoanalysis |
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What book did Freud publish in 1900? |
The interpretation of dreams |
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What constitutes as part of the unconscious? |
psychic determinism levels of consciousness effects of unconscious motivation |
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What is psychic determinism? |
it proposes that underlying psychological factors cause symptoms and other behavior. |
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Levels of conscious? |
Our mind is like an iceberg. The majority of our psyche is beneath the "surface", or conscious. |
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What are the effects of unconscious motivation? |
Physical symptoms hypnosis psychosis dreams psychopathology of everyday life humor projective tests |
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Origin and Nature of Unconscious? |
created by childhood experiences and repression |
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what is the ID? |
functions according to the pleasure principle. Its energy comes from libido |
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Characteristics of ID instincts? |
source, pressure, aim, power |
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What is the EGO? |
reality principle. logical thought. most people's current state of unconscious. uses defense mechanisms. |
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What is the SUPEREGO? |
Internal representative of righteousness. EGO's ideal state of being. |
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What is the energy hypothesis? |
repression requires energy |
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anxiety |
ego may fail in adapting to reality and maintaining an integrated personality. |
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different types of anxiety |
neurotic, moral, reality |
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defense mechanisms |
denial reaction formation projection displacement rationalization identification isolation intellectualization |
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what is denial? |
not acknowledging parts of reality |
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what is reaction formation |
switching unacceptable impulses to acceptable ones |
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what is projection |
disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to other people |
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what is displacement |
shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a less threatening object or person |
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what is rationalization |
offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions |
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what is identification |
a person fuses or models after another person |
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what is isolation |
conflictful material is kept disconnected from other thoughts |
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what is intellectualization |
a person focuses on thinking and avoids feeling |
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what is sublimation |
Finding a socially acceptable aim and object for the expression of an unacceptable impulse |
