Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Motivation |
the factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms |
|
|
Instincts |
inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned |
|
|
Drive-reduction approaches tomotivation |
theories suggesting that a lack of some basic biological need produces a drive to push an organism to satisfy that need |
|
|
Drive |
motivational tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior to fulfill a need |
|
|
Homeostatsis |
the body's tendency to maintain a steady internal state |
|
|
Arousal approaches to motivation |
the belief that we try to maintain certain levels of stimulation and activity |
|
|
Incentive approaches to motivation |
theories suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to attain external rewards, known as incentives |
|
|
Cognitive approaches to motivation |
theories suggesting that motivation is a result of people's throughts, beliefs, exprectations, and goals |
|
|
Self-actualization |
a state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential in their own unique way |
|
|
Obesity |
body weight that is more than 20% above the average weight for a person of a particiular height |
|
|
Weight set point |
the particular level or weight that the body strives to maintain |
|
|
Metabolism |
the rate at which food is converted to energy and expended by the body |
|
|
Anorexia nervosa |
a severe eating disorder in which people may refus to eat while denying that their behavior and appearance-which can become skeleton-like--are unusual |
|
|
Bulimia |
a disorder in which a person binges on large quantities of food, followed by efforts to purge the food through vomiting or other means |
|
|
Estrogens |
class of female sex hormones |
|
|
Ovulation |
the point at which an egg is released from the ovaries |
|
|
Androgens |
male sex hormones secreted by the testes |
|
|
Genitals |
the male and female sex organs |
|
|
Masturbation |
sexual self-stimulation |
|
|
Heterosexuality |
sexual attraction and behavior directed to the other sex |
|
|
Double standard |
the view that pre-marital sex is permissible for males but not for females |
|
|
Extramarital sex |
sexual activity between a married person and someone who is not his or her spouse |
|
|
Homosexuals |
persons who are sexually attracted to members of their own sex |
|
|
Bisexuals |
persons who are sexually attracted to people of the same sex and the other sex |
|
|
Transsexuals |
people whose sexual identification is with the opposite gender from that they were born with; they feel they are trapped in the body of the other gender |
|
|
Need for achievement |
a stable, learned characteristic in which a person obtains satifisfaction by striving for and achieving challenging goals |
|
|
Need for affliliation |
an interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with other people |
|
|
Need for power |
a tendency to seek impact, control, or influence over others and to be seen as a powerful individual |
|
|
Emotions |
feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements and that influence behavior |
|
|
james-Lange theory of emotions |
the belief that emotional experience is a reaction to bodily events occurring as a result of an external situation ('I feel sad because I am crying"). |
|
|
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion |
the belief that both physiological arousal and emotional experience are produces simultaneously by the same nerve stimulus |
|
|
Schachter-Singer theory of emotion |
the belief that emotions are determined jointly by a nonspecific kind of physiological arousal and its interpretation, based on environmental cues |
|
|
Facial-affect program |
activation of a set of nerve impulses that make the face display the appropriate expression |
|
|
Facial-feedback hypothesis |
the hypothesis that facial expressions not only reflect emotional experience but also help determine how people experience and label emotions |
