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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The scale that describes how earthquakes affect people, buildings and the land's surface is the
moment magnitude scale Richer scale. seismic amplitude measurement (SAM) scale. Mercalli scale. |
Mercalli scale.
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Why are most active volcanoes associated with plate tectonic boundaries?
plate tectonic boundaries are created by volcanism spreading or sinking plates interact at plate boundaries with other materials to produce magma earthquakes at plate boundaries bring large amounts of magma to the surface in reality, most volcanoes are in the plate interiors rather than at plate boundaries |
spreading or sinking plates interact at plate boundaries with other materials to produce magma
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Viscosity of magma is controlled by
the eruptive processes at work temperature and silicon content of the magma the types and amounts of gases dissolved in the magma the water content of the magma |
temperature and silicon content of the magma
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The shape of shield volcanoes is a function of
proportion of pyroclastic debris included in the edifice lava viscosity local variations in the tilt of the land surface the explosive nature of the eruptions that produce the shield |
Lava viscosity
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Why do composite volcanoes consist of alternating lava and pyroclastic layers?
composite cones are created by a mixture of explosive activity and lava flows composite cones are created by lava composition alternating between basalt and rhyolite composite cones typically are interlayered with lava flows from nearby shield volcanoes the lavas in composite cones are typically rhyolitic in composition |
composite cones are created by a mixture of explosive activity and lava flows
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What is the principal difference between craters and calderas?
craters are associated only with fissure eruptions calderas are associated with cinder cones, while craters are associated with shield volcanoes craters are created by explosive eruptions, while calderas are not calderas are much larger depressions created by collapse of the upper portions of the volcano |
calderas are much larger depressions created by collapse of the upper portions of the volcano
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Which of the following was considered evidence that South America and Africa were once connected?
fit of the continental margins matching rock sequences and mountain ranges climate evidence such as glacial deposits all of the above |
all of the above
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The process of mountain building is called
tectonic spreading mantle uplift divergent construction oregeny |
oregeny
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Sheet-like intrusive rock resulting from magma oozing into a vertical fracture is called a
sill batholith stock dike |
dike
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A tectonic plate is composed of
cool, rigid rock that rides on a continuous shell of molten magma. cool, rigid rock that rides on a plastic mantle. hot, plastic rock supported by a rigid foundation of cool rock. cool rigid rock that floats on the Earth's molten core. |
cool ridgid rock that rides on a plastic mantle
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Common features of subduction zones are
a) volcanoes. b) plutonic rocks. c) seamounts. d) both a and b |
A & B
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Which of the following helps rock to melt?
a) increase in temperature. b) increase in pressure. c) increase in water content. d) a and c |
A & C
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Rift valleys are formed from
convergent tectonic plates. divergent tectonic plates. active under sea volcanoes. in deep ocean trenches. |
divergent tectonic plates
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Which of the following is NOT a primary fault associated with earthquakes
strike-slip reverse isostatic none of the above |
isostatic
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Uniformitarianism states that
the Earth is uniform throughout its interior. the Earth's mantle is uniform, although it is different from the crust and core. geologic change occurs over long periods of time by a sequence of almost imperceptible events. catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions alter the Earth. |
geologic change occurs over long periods of time by a sequence of almost imperceptible events.
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When the lithosphere responses to a change in weight such as the addition or removal of a glacier, this is referred to as
continental rifting. catastrophism. isostatic adjustment. subduction zone response. |
isostatic adjustment
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Tsunamis
are a huge risk to ships traveling in the open ocean. are primarily the result of sea floor spreading. are easy to visually observe in open ocean. are usually produced from under water earthquakes. |
tsunamis
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Which of the following is used to study tectonic plate motions and other motions of the Earth's crust with great precision and accuracy?
GPS VLBI Landsat satellites Weather satellites |
VLBI
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If a tectonic plate is moving at the rate of 0.5 cm/year, how long (in years) would it take the plate to move 100 nautical miles (nmi)?
Conversion factors: 1 nmi= 2000 yards; 2.54 cm = 1 inch; 5280 feet = 1 mile 37 billion years 37 million years 37 centuries 37 years none of these are even close |
37 million years
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The oceanic crust is primarily composed of
granite manganese lava basalt nickel and iron |
Basalt
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The layer between the crust and the core is referred to as the
asthenosphere. lithosphere. mantle. core. |
Mantle
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An earthquake's epicenter is located
deep under ground in the outer core of the Earth directly above the focus at the Earth's surface at the point where P waves and S waves interfere |
directly above the focus at the Earth's surface
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The outer most layer of the Earth based on physical properties is the
asthenosphere lithosphere mesosphere mantle |
Lithosphere
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The layer of Earth that is referred to as plastic is the
asthenosphere lithosphere mesosphere mantle |
Athenosphere
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Tectonic plates moving away from one another are referred to as
converging plate boundaries diverging plate boundaries slippery plate boundaries transform plate boundaries |
Diverging Plate Boundaries
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