Intro To Animal Science

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ram

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intact male

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ewe

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female sheep

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lamb

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Young sheep

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wether

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castrated male

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flock

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a group of sheep

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wool

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the hair on the sheep that is sheared

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dock

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base of butt right next to tail

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Debouillet

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wool breed, cross of Delanie merino and Rambouillet, known for adaptatuin to range conditions I southwest and fine wool with deep, close crimps

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Delaine Merino

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origin: Europe/ U.S.
several types of merino (A, B, C)
known for: medium size, fine wool, adaptation to range

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Rambouillet

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origin: France (developed in Germany and U.S)
backbone of many western range flocks
Known for: strong wool w/ tight crimp, longevity/hardy, strong flocking instinct

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Columbia

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first breed to originate in the U.S.
Developed in 1912
cross of lincoln and rambouillet
known for: larger size, heavy medium wool fleece, and fast growing lambs

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Corriedale

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origin: Australia/New Zealand
Crossbred of lincoln and merino breeds
Known for: Dual purpose breed, dense fleece, high yielding fleece, and wool favored by handspinners

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Polypay

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Developed in U.S (Idaho) in 1970s
cross of Targhee x Dorset and Rambouillet x Finn sheep
Developed to produce two lamb crop and one wool
known for: medium size, prolifix breeding season
acceptable growth/carcass quality

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Romney

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origin: England
Arrived in U.S. in 1904
known for: hooves that are resistant to foot rot, heavy fleece, versatile breed
favorite of handspinners

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Lincoln

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Origin: Englands
Arrived to U.S. in 1825
Used in development of Columbia and Targhee breeds
known for: one of the largest breeds of sheep, and very heavy, long stapled fleece

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Navajo Churro

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First domesticated sheep introduced in North America
Known for: small breed, hardy, disease resistant, long fine or course fleece
rams can carry four horns
Fleece is used for weaving rugs/blankets

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Hampshire

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meat breed
Origin:England
First arrived in 1860 but flocks were dedtroyed or scattered during Civil Ear, reintroduced in1880s
known for: large frame size, black face with wool cap and wool on legs fast growth rate, and quality carcasses

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Suffolk

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origin: England
Arrived in U.S. in 1888
most popular breed in U.S.
known for: large frame, heads/ legs free of of wool, fast growth rate, heavy, high cutability carcasses

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shropshire

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Origin: England
Arrived in U.S. in 1855
once called ideal farm sheep
known for: meat quality, medium- large size quality size, having wool on poll, face, and legs

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Southdown

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Origin:England
one of the oldest breeds
contributed to many breeds
arrived in U.S. in 1648
known for: small frame, easy keepers, heavy carcass

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Dorset

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Origin: England
can be either horned or polled
Arrived in U.S. in 1885
polled because of dominant gene for polledness occurred
known for: prolific, heavy milkers, heavy muscled carcasses

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montadale

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developed in U.S.
from chevuot and columbia crosses
known: dual purpose, high quality carcasses, excellent wool

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grade

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term for the fineness of the wool fiber

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most popular breed of sheep in us

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suffolk

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oxford

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origin: England
Arrived to U.S in 1846
known for: one of the largest breeds, heaviest fleece of Down breeds, quality carcass

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Barbados Blackbelly

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Origin: caribbean island of barbados
antelope like in appearance
known for: hardiness, reproductive efficiency (one of most prolific breeds)

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Dorper

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Origin: South Africa
cross of blackheaded persian
ewe and dorset horn
Arrived in U.S in 1995
known for: characterist black head, very muscular, thick skin (most sought after sheepskin)

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katahdin

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origin: U.S (maine)
hair breed
cross of suffolk, african hair sheep, st. croix, and wiltshire horn
known for: improved carcass quality, natural resistance to internal parasites

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karakul

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may be oldest breed of domestic sheep
origin: Asia
specialty breed in U.S
known for: large tail that stores fat, fleece are prized by handspinners

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finn sheep

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origin: Finland
also known as finnish land race
used for crossbreeding
known for: very prolific, strong maternal instincts, will lamb on accelerated lambing program

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Awassi

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Origin:Middle East
known for:also a fat tailed breed, natural hardiness, grazing ability, lactation: can produce 650 lbs of milk per 210 day
males are normally horned, females are polled

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East Friesian

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Origin: Germany
known for:highest producing dairy sheep, do best in small flocks
highly specialized breed

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fleece

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wool from one animal from one year

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yield

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amount of wool fibers remaining after scouring or the amount of clean wool fibers present

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shrink

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the weight loss during scouring process

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lock

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a group of wool fibers

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staple length

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the length of the wool fibers: staple, french combing, clothing

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American blood grade

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Fine
Half blood
3/8 blood
1/4 blood
low 1/4 blood

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commercial farm flock

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largest operation
produce lambs for traditional meat markets

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purebred farm flock

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smaller operations
usually hobby farms

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club lamb farm flocks

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small flocks
marketed for 4-H or FFA members

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migratory range sheep production

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located in mountain states, grazimg permits are issued
breeds common to operation: Rambouillet, Targhee, Columbia, Polypay, and Delaine Marino

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Fenced Range Sheep production

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located in texas, new Mexico, and other areas in the southwest
texas has most number of sheep and operations
Breeds commonly found: Rambouillet, delaine marino, Debouillet

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Pregnancy toxemia

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aka ketosis or twin lamb disease
most common metabolic disease in sheep
Causes: disturbance of carb metabolism
due to inadequate nutrition and stress in late gestation
Treatment: propylene glycol daily, cesarean

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Enterotoxemia

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aka ober eating disease
caused by bacteria
causes: change in feed, irregular feeding, rapid increase in concentrate feed
symptoms: sudden death, nervous disorders, convulsions, grinding teeth
vaccinate for prevention

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white muscle disease

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aka stiff lamb disease or muscular dystrophy
cause: selenium or vitamin e deficiency
symptoms: stiffness in hind legs, muscle damage
prevention/ treatment: feed/ supplement with selenium, inject lambs with Bo-Se

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Urinary calculi

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aka urolithiasis, water belly, calculosis
occurs in rams or wethers fed high concentrate diet
prevention: fresh water, add limestone or .5% ammonium chloride

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sore mouth

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contagious pustular dermatitis
viral disease
control via vaccination
treatment: iodine and glycerol on lesion

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polyarthritis

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stiff lamb disease
symptoms: stiff joints, depression, fever
prevention: vaccination against chlamydia diseases

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scrapies

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affects nervous system
normally in older sheep
tested by genetics
symptoms: itching, incoordination,
no treatment

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internal parasites

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nematodes
tapeworm
flukes
protazoa
treat with a wormer normally orally

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sheep keds

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external parasites
symptoms: poor growth, poor grain
prevention: ectoban, ectrin, or permectin

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wool maggots

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external
attracted to open wounds, feces and urine
symptoms: constant movement of dock, hind legs move in a high kicking fashion
treatment: cleanliness, dock tails

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estrus

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How long animal is in heat
20- 42 hours

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estrous cycle

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17 days

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seasonal breeders

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start estrous cycle when daylight hours decrease (winter)
stop when hours increase (spring and summer)

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ultrasound

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to test for pregnancy