Intro To Hazmat

Front 1

Charging pressure of liquified gases

Back 1

70 degrees Fahrenheit

Front 2

Turns into a liquid at or below 130

Back 2

Cryogen

Front 3

Stored in their liquid states

Back 3

Liquid o2, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, argon, LNG

Front 4

Corrosive material, oxidizer, and a poison

Back 4

Fluorine

Front 5

Shipped at temps above 1300 degrees

Back 5

Molten aluminum

Front 6

DOT defines increased temp material as one that is:

Back 6

-Liquid at temp at or above 212

-liquid with flash point at or above 100

-solid at or above 464

Front 7

Alpha radiation

Back 7

Uranium and radium

-does not penetrate deeply

-stopped by a sheet of paper

Front 8

Beta radiation

Back 8

Tritium, carbon 14, strontium 90

-more penetrating than alpha but less damaging over equal distance

-stopped by layer of clothing

Front 9

Gamma radiation

Back 9

Potassium 40

-stopped by 2 ft. Of concrete, several feet of earth, 2 inches of lead

Front 10

A chemical that is both toxic and corrosive

Back 10

Hydrogen fluoride

Front 11

Common source of neutron radiation

Back 11

Soil moisture density gauges

Front 12

Displaces o2 necessary for breathing

Back 12

Simple asphyxiants

Front 13

Prohibits the body from using o2

Back 13

Chemical asphyxiants

Front 14

Nitrogen and methane are _ asphyxiants

Back 14

Simple

Front 15

Superfund act

Back 15

CERCLA

Front 16

Simplest type of microorganism

Back 16

Virus

Front 17

Single cell organism

Back 17

Bacteria

Front 18

Biological toxins

Back 18

Botulinum toxin and ricin

Front 19

Produces a localized toxic effect in respiratory tract

Back 19

Chlorine and ammonia

Front 20

Neither acid or base

Back 20

Hydrogen peroxide

Front 21

Strychnine, organophosphates, carbamates, picrotoxin are _

Back 21

Convulsants

Front 22

Explosions causes 4 hazards:

Back 22

-blast pressure wave (primary reason for injuries)

-shrapnel fragmentation

-seismic effect

-incendiary thermal effect

Front 23

_ can cause irritation through skin contact and respiratory failure when inhaled

Back 23

Toluene

Front 24

Caustic soda, potassium hydroxide

Back 24

Base

Front 25

4 agencies involved in regulation of hazmat and wastes at Federal level

Back 25

-DOT

-EPA

-DOL

-NRC

Front 26

Est. Prohibitions and requirements concerning closed and abandoned hazardous waste sites, a trust fund to provide cleanup, liability for persons responsible for release of hazardous waste

Back 26

CERCLA

Front 27

Most hazmat incidents occur via _

Back 27

Highway

Front 28

Manages national nuclear research and defense programs including high level nuclear waste

Back 28

Department of energy

Front 29

Department of homeland security missions

Back 29

-prevent terrorist attacks

-reduce Americans vulnerability to terrorism

-minimize damage from potential attack and natural disasters

Front 30

Lead agency in terrorist incident scenes (theft, collects evidence, prosecutes)

Back 30

Department of justice (fbi)

Front 31

May be found in farming communities

Back 31

Anhydrous ammonia

Front 32

Bulk package criteria

Back 32

-Liquid > 119 gallons

-Max net mass > 882 lbs or max capacity > 119 gallons for solid

-water 1001 lbs or more for gas

Front 33

Non pressure aboveground storage tanks

Back 33

Up to 0.5 psi

Front 34

Pressure aboveground tanks

Back 34

-low pressure 0.5-15 psi

-pressure vessels with pressures above 15 psi

Front 35

Low pressure chemical tank trucks

Back 35

Vapor pressure 25-35 psi

5500-7000 gallons

Cylindrical with rounded ends

Fittings visible at top and bottom

Front 36

Pressure tank car

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>25 psi

-tank test pressure 100-600 psi

-4000-34000 gallons

Front 37

Location of relief valve on pressure tank cars

Back 37

On top

Front 38

Cryogenic liquid tank car

Back 38

< 25 psi

-argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

-ground level cabinets on the sides or end

- initial isolation zone is 1/2 mile

Front 39

Covered hopper cars transport?

Back 39

Grain, calcium carbide, ammonium nitrate, cement

Front 40

Uncovered hopper cars transport?

Back 40

Coal, sand, gravel, rocks

Front 41

Low pressure intermodel tank

Back 41

Up to 100 psi

Front 42

IM 101 portable tanks

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25.4-100 psi

Front 43

IM 102 portable tanks

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14.5-25.4 psi

Front 44

Pressure intermodal tank (high pressure tank trucks)

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100-500 psi

-liquefied gases under pressure

Front 45

Ton containers commonly contain _

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Chlorine

Front 46

Max net mass of non bulk packaging

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882 lbs

Front 47

Depleted uranium and natural thorium are examples of _ containers

Back 47

Excepted

Front 48

Example of type A container

Back 48

Radiopharmaceuticals

Front 49

Example of type C container

Back 49

Plutonium ( tx by aircraft)

Front 50

Placarded in the U.S as a nonflammable gas, however under certain conditions it will burn

Back 50

Anhydrous ammonia

Front 51

Railroad tank car markings...capacity stencil shows the _ and specification markings indicates the _

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Volume

Standards

Front 52

The words "extremely flammable" are displayed on pesticide labels if the contents have a flash point less than _

Back 52

80 degrees Fahrenheit

Front 53

May cause olfactory fatigue

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Hydrogen sulfide

Front 54

Most important factor concerning hazardous materials at an incident

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The concentration of the contaminant in the air

Front 55

Initial isolation distance

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100 feet in all directions

Front 56

Suspension of particles when a volatilized solid condenses in cool air

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Fume

Front 57

Finely divided liquid suspended

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Mist

Front 58

Liquids with higher flash points which do not burn as easily

Back 58

Combustible liquids

Front 59

Autoignition temperature of gas

Back 59

536 degrees f

Front 60

Flashpoint of gas

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- 45 degrees f

Front 61

Bi product of polyurethane foam

- acts as a chemical asphyxiant

- smells like bitter almonds

Back 61

Hydrogen cyanide

Front 62

Has an extremely high vapor pressure and will escape as a gas instead of a liquid

Back 62

Chlorine

Front 63

Vapor densities < 1

Back 63

Helium, neon, acetylene, hydrogen

Front 64

Vapor densities > 1

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Propane, hydrogen sulfide, methane, butane, chlorine, sulfur dioxide

Front 65

Water + calcium carbide =

Back 65

Acetylene gas

Front 66

Water reactive materials

Back 66

Lithium, magnesium powder, calcium carbide

Front 67

_ is a polymerization agent...inhibitors are added to this to prevent it from polymerizing during transport

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Styrene

Front 68

Stimulus that causes strain, pressure, or deformity

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Stress

Front 69

Instantaneous and explosive release of stored chemical energy..hundredths or thousandths of a second

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Detonation

Front 70

Immediate release of a chemical or mechanical energy...1 second or less, BLEVE

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Violent rupture

Front 71

Fast release through properly operated safety devices caused by damaged valves, piping, or attachments...several seconds to several minutes

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Rapid relief

Front 72

Slow release through holes, rips, tears...minutes to days

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Spill/leak

Front 73

Semi circular or dome shaped pattern of airborne hazmat still partially in contact with the ground...rapid release of energy ( detonation, declaration, violent rupture)

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Hemispheric

Front 74

Airborne and has risen above the ground...quick release

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Cloud

Front 75

Irregular shape pattern...wind and topography influence the course

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Plume

Front 76

Triangular shaped pattern with a point source at the breach and a wide base down range

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Cone

Front 77

Liquid flowing on a surface

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Stream

Front 78

Slow flowing liquid dispersion

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Pool

Front 79

Example of immediate contact

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Deflagration, explosion

Front 80

Example of short term contact

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Gas or vapor cloud

Front 81

Example of medium term contact

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Lingering pesticide

Front 82

Long term contact

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Permanent radioactive source

Front 83

Hydrogen sulfide is a _ asphyxiant

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Chemical

Front 84

APIE

Back 84

A-analyze

P-plan

I-implement

E-evaluate

Front 85

RAIN (WMD) incidents

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R - rain

A - avoid

I - isolate

N - notify

Front 86

Hazard and risk assessment starts with _ _

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Preincident planning

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Level 1 response

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Within capabilities of FD

- small amt. Of gas from car

- leak from domestic natural gas on consumer side

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Level 2 response

Back 88

Beyond capabilities of first responders

- spill/leak requiring large scale evacuation

- any major accident, spillage, overflow of flammable liquids

- spill of unfamiliar chemicals

- accidents involving extremely hazardous substance

- rupture of underground pipeline

- fire posing a BLEVE threat

Front 89

Level 3 response

Back 89

Requires state/provincial agencies, federal agencies

- requires evacuation extending across jurisdictional boundaries

- incidents beyond capabilities of local hazmat team

- incidents that activate federal response plan

Front 90

Should be the first resource a responder should turn to to request outside assistance for an incident

Back 90

Local emergency response plan (LERP)

Front 91

Minimum number of personnel for performing tasks in the hazardous area is _

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4 (2 in the area and 2 as backup)

Front 92

Biological toxin made from castor beans

Back 92

Ricin

Front 93

Explosive made from household products

Back 93

TATP

Front 94

Negative pressure phase lasts about _ times longer than positive pressure phase

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3

Front 95

High explosives

Back 95

Plastic explosives, nitroglycerin, TNT, blasting caps, dynamite, ammonium nitrate, fuel oil

Front 96

Low explosives

Back 96

Black powder....they separate, decomposes rapidly but does not produce an explosive effect unless confined

Front 97

Primary explosives

Back 97

Easily initiated and highly sensitive to heat...lead aside, mercury fulminate, lead styphnate

Front 98

Secondary explosives

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TNT

Front 99

Tertiary explosives

Back 99

Insensitive materials based on ammonium nitrate

Front 100

White crystal powder, has 83% of power as TNT

Back 100

Potassium chlorate

Front 101

TATP is a _ based explosive

Back 101

Peroxide

Front 102

Low volatility, absorbed or inhaled nerve agent

Back 102

Tabun

Front 103

Moderate volatile nerve agent

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Soman

Front 104

Volatile nerve agent..inhaled

Back 104

Sarin

Front 105

Low volatile..remains on equipment for long period of time

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V-agent

Front 106

Causes kidney damage, memory loss, irritability..mild garlic odor scent

Back 106

Arsine

Front 107

Highly volatile, smells like bitter almonds

Back 107

Hydrogen cyanide

Front 108

Pungent biting odor

Back 108

Cyanogen chloride

Front 109

Blood agents (chemical asphyxiants)

Back 109

Arsine, hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen chloride

Front 110

Chlorine and phosgene are _ agents

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Choking

Front 111

Sulfuric acid is an example of

Back 111

Toxic industrial material

Front 112

Causes moderate morbidity and low mortality

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Category B biological agent

Front 113

High morbidity and mortality...viruses

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Category C biological agent

Front 114

Norwalk virus can be transmitted by _

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Indirect contact

Front 115

A corrosive that breaks down fatty skin tissues and can penetrate deeply in the body

Back 115

Caustic soda

Front 116

Doubling the distance from a point source divides the dose by a factor of _

Back 116

4

Front 117

Exposure from fallout reduction

Back 117

50% inside a 1 story building

90% at a level below grade

Front 118

Ensemble used where concentrations are at or above IDLH level and requires SCBA

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Class 2

Front 119

Ensemble used with low levels of vapor or liquid chemical where concentrations are below IDLH permitting use of APR or PAPR

Back 119

Class 3

Front 120

Ensemble used involving biological or radiological hazards where concentrations are below IDLH and permitting use of APR or PAPR

Back 120

Class 4

Front 121

When a chemical passes through a fabric on a molecular level

Back 121

Permeation

Front 122

Cracking, brittleness, discoloration, swelling, loss of physical strength, deterioration

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Degredation

Front 123

When hazmat enters an opening or puncture

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Penetration

Front 124

Technical decon involves

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Water and soap, detergent, chemical solution

Front 125

First priority of a selection of a decon site

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Accessibility

Front 126

Products used as absorbents

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Diatomaceous earth, baking powder, ashes, activated carbon, soil, vermiculate

Front 127

Reduces number of microorganisms to a safe level

Back 127

Sanitatization

Front 128

Kills most microorganisms

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Disinfection

Front 129

Kills all microorganisms

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Sterilization

Front 130

Foam that is highly effective as a blanketing agent on hydrocarbons and will not extinguish polar solvents...most commonly used foam

Back 130

AFFF

Front 131

Foam that is applied to polar solvents and creates a membrane between fuel and finished foam

Back 131

AR-AFFF

Front 132

Foam that is effective on hydrocarbons but not on polar solvents...used for storage tank subsurface ff. High degree of heat resistance and water retention. Low viscosity and low temps

Back 132

Fluoroprotein foam

Front 133

Process of dissolving a gas in water

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Dissolution

Front 134

Dissolution is only used on water soluble gases such as _ and _

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Anhydrous ammonia, chlorine

Front 135

Most gases are _ than air

Back 135

Heavier

Front 136

Corrosive gases

Back 136

Ammonia, chlorine, phosgene, fluorine, hydrogen chloride, methylamine

Front 137

_ should be one of the first hazards monitored

Back 137

PH

Front 138

_ is the most reactive of all chemical elements

Back 138

Fluorine

Front 139

One widely used fluoride is _. Its corrosive, toxic, and mildly reactive

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Hydrogen fluoride

Front 140

Strong oxidizer like_, _, and _ can cause high readings

Back 140

Chlorine, bromine, fluorine

Front 141

LEL meters will sound an alarm at _% of the LEL

Back 141

10

Front 142

A 1% drop in o2 is equivalent to _ ppm of something else

Back 142

50,000

Front 143

One limitation of CGIs is_

Back 143

Calibration issues

Front 144

PIDs must be calibrated to_

Back 144

Isobutylene

Front 145

Uses an ultraviolet lamp to ionize samples of gases...used to detect low to very low concentrations of organic and inorganic gases...used at the edge of a realease

Back 145

Photoionization detector

Front 146

LEL of gas

Back 146

1.4 %

Front 147

IDLH of benzene

Back 147

500 ppm

Front 148

Flame ionization detectors are calibrated to _

Back 148

Methane gas

Front 149

On test strips, a color change to blue indicates the presence of _

Back 149

Organic peroxides

Front 150

Uses ambient air as the detection gas

Back 150

Ion chamber

Front 151

Sealed from outside air, not affected by temp or humidity

Back 151

GM detector

Front 152

Useful for very small amounts of radiation. Interacts with a crystal such as sodium iodide, cesium iodide, or zinc sulfide

Back 152

Scintillation detector

Front 153

Response phases at criminal hazmat/WMD incidents

Back 153

Tactical phase

Operational phase

Crime scene phase

Remediation phase

Front 154

A colorless, flammable, and toxic gas, odor of garlic, and decaying fish. It can ignite spontaneously on contact with air. Its a respiratory tract irritant and attacks cardiovascular and respiratory systems...a Bi product of making meth and is a choking agent

Back 154

Phosphine

Front 155

Most serious hazard at meth labs

Back 155

Flammability

Front 156

Meth production processes generate?

Back 156

Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrogen iodide gas

Front 157

_ is found in meth labs and can complicate fire suppression activities because it reacts with water

Back 157

Sodium lithium

Front 158

For every pound of meth produced, _ lbs of hazardous waste is generated

Back 158

6

Front 159

Methyl iodide and phosphorus trichloride makes_

Back 159

Sarin

Front 160

Peroxide based explosives are sensitive to?

Back 160

Heat, shock, friction

Front 161

Level of training established by NFPA allowing first responders to take additional defensive tasks and limited offensive actions at hazmat incidents

Back 161

Operations Mission Specific

Front 162

Operations Mission specific tasks include:

Back 162

- ppe

- mass decon

- technical decon

- evidence preservation and sampling

- product control

- air monitoring and sampling

- victim rescue and recovery

- response to illicit lab incidents

Front 163

_ can cause serious health effects that may not become evident until hours or days after exposure

Back 163

Phosgene

Front 164

_, _, and _ are considered the primary mechanisms of harm that hazmats present.

Back 164

Energy release, corrosivity, toxicity

Front 165

6 types of release energy

Back 165

Heat

Mechanical

Pressure

Electricity

Chemical

Radiation

Front 166

Many accidents in rivers happen because _ and _ were not considered

Back 166

Flow volume, tidal conditions

Front 167

A _ is an example of a potentially toxic solid

Back 167

Powder pesticide

Front 168

_ and _ are corrosive solids

Back 168

Boric acid and sodium hydroxide

Front 169

_ is a reactive material that when in contact with moisture will release a flammable gas

Back 169

Calcium carbide

Front 170

Clues to solids containers are:

Back 170

- transportation containers and systems designed for pneumatic loading and unloading

- open tops on hoppers, bins, or other containers

- V- shaped sloping sides with bottom outlets

Front 171

_ are unique numerical identifiers assigned to individual chemicals and chemical compounds, polymers, mixtures, and alloys

Back 171

CAS numbers

Front 172

Sections of the safety data sheet

Back 172

1. Identification

2. Hazard identification

3. Composition/ingredients

4. First aid measures

5. Firefighting measures

6. Accidental release measures

Front 173

A system of software applications that assists emergency responders in the development of safe response plans

Back 173

CAMEO

Front 174

The ERG establishes separate initial isolation distances based solely on the involved product's state of matter:

Back 174

Solids - 75 ft

Liquids - 150 ft

Gases - 330 ft

Front 175

An example of a mist would be:

Back 175

Acids..such as sulfuric acid

Front 176

Released anhydrous ammonia and leaking thermanol is an example of a high temp _

Back 176

Aerosol

Front 177

An example of a fiber:

Back 177

Asbestos

Front 178

Examples of fog:

Back 178

Chlorine, anhydrous ammonia

Front 179

A significant factor to consider when mitigating a hazmat incident involving materials under specific conditions is:

Back 179

The ratio that a gas will expand from its liquid state

Front 180

The unit of measure typically used to express particle size

Back 180

Micron

Front 181

Solids such as _, _, and _ may sublime

Back 181

Dry ice, elemental iodine, napthalene

Front 182

Materials with a vapor pressure over _ will be based under normal conditions

Back 182

760 mmHg

Front 183

The lower the boiling point, the _ its vapor pressure will be

Back 183

Higher

Front 184

Shielding from neutron radiation requires materials with high amounts of _

Back 184

Hydrogen

Front 185

Common examples of sensitizers and allergens include:

Back 185

Latex, bleach, urushiol

Front 186

_ are both a fuel and oxidizer

Back 186

Organic peroxides

Front 187

Packages with the radioactive 1 label have a transport index of _

Back 187

0

Front 188

The strength of a radioactive source is called its _

Back 188

Activity

Front 189

Cryogenic liquid storage tanks (not tank car) may have pressures of _ psi or greater

Back 189

15

Front 190

Cargo tank specification and name plates are usually found on the driver side near the _

Back 190

Dolly leg (landing gear)

Front 191

_ are found on corrosive liquid tanks and bolted manways are found on high pressure tanks

Back 191

Ring stiffeners

Front 192

Examples of nonregulated hazards include:

Back 192

Molten sulphur, asphalt, milk

Front 193

Emergency shutoffs on low pressure chemical tank trucks are located:

Back 193

Left front of the tank

Front 194

No pressure cargo tank trucks

Back 194

Pressure < 4 psi

Max capacity 14000 gal.

Typical range of 1500-10000 gal

Front 195

Corrosive liquid tank trucks

Back 195

Pressure of 35-55 psi

Typical capacities 3300-6300 gal.

Carry acids such as acetyl chloride, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide

No shut off valves!

Front 196

Liquid coming out of drain hoses may indicate:

Back 196

Leaks on top of the tanks

Front 197

Compressed gas tube trailers

Back 197

Pressures of 2400-5000 psi

Helium, hydrogen , methane, o2

Front 198

The initial isolation zone for a pressure tank car involved in fire is _

Back 198

1 mile

Front 199

Low pressure tank cars

Back 199

- < 25 psi

- 4000-34000 gal

Front 200

_ may be used to obtain info about the train cars contents

Back 200

Reporting marks

Front 201

The _ indicates the standards to which a tank car was built

Back 201

Specification marking

Front 202

Y cylinders:

Back 202

3AA - water capacity no more than 1000 lbs, service pressure at least 150 psi

3AAX - water capacity of no less than 1000 lbs and pressure of at least 500 psi

Front 203

Rigid intermediate bulk containers may have capacities up to _ gal and pressures up to _ psi

Back 203

400, 100

Front 204

The 3 levels of situational awareness

Back 204

1. Perception

2. Comprehension

3. Application

Front 205

Nonintervention mode exists when:

Back 205

- LERP calls for it based on preincident evaluation

- clearly beyond capabilities of responders

- explosions are imminent

- serious container damage threatens massive release

Front 206

An example of a low explosive is _

Back 206

Black powder

Front 207

TATP and HMTD are considered _ based explosives

Back 207

Peroxide

Front 208

The FBI uses the acronym _ to designate indicators of a possible suicide bomber

Back 208

ALERT

Front 209

_ agents are the most toxic chemical warfare agents

Back 209

Nerve

Front 210

_ agents are liquids at ambient temps and dispersed as an aerosolized liquid

Back 210

Nerve

Front 211

Arsine, hydrogen cyanide, and cyanogen chloride are all _ agents

Back 211

Blood

Front 212

TIMs pose a far greater threat than chemical warfare agents because:

Back 212

They are produced in very large quantities and are readily available

Front 213

Difference between an RED and RDD and RDW:

Back 213

RDD uses explosives to scatter radioactive materials over an area, RDWs use common items such as spray containers or fans to disperse radioactive materials...not explosives

Front 214

The last item removed from the entry personnel should be _

Back 214

Respirator face piece

Front 215

_ uses an ultraviolet lamp to ionize samples of gaseous materials. They detect low to very low concentrations of many organic and some inorganic gases and vapors

Back 215

PIDs

Front 216

IDLH of benzene is _

Back 216

500 ppm

Front 217

Most cargo tank emergency shutoff devices are located:

Back 217

Behind driver side cab

Front 218

Intermodal emergency shutoff device located:

Back 218

Responders can look for a metal cable running down one side of the frame rail. Pull this cable to activate the emergency shutoff device

Front 219

The most common cause of BLEVE is when:

Back 219

Flames contact the tank shell above the liquid level and the tank shell itself is overheated

Front 220

If gas is burning from a broken gas pipe, valve, fitting, or flange....

Back 220

Do NOT extinguish the fire. Contact utility company immediately

Front 221

The production of BHO, a potent form of concentrated marijuana, presents hazards cuz it uses _ gas

Back 221

Butane