Intro To Dh - Exam 4

Front 1

Permanent change in behavior resulting from experience or practice. Involves acquisition of skills and/or knowledge is what?

Back 1

Learning

Front 2

When does learning occur?

Back 2

when someone changes their behavior

Front 3

Learning occurs when someone changes their behavior regarding what 3 things?

Back 3

1. knowledge

2. attitude

3. habit

Front 4

What is aquisition of items of information?

Back 4

knowledge

Front 5

What is formation of new feelings?

Back 5

attitude

Front 6

What is development of new modes of behavior?

Back 6

habit

Front 7

What is the preferred/primary learning style?

Back 7

visualization

Front 8

What 3 things is learning affected by?

Back 8

1. previous experience

2. present frame of mind

3. adequacy of instruction

Front 9

One learns best when the unit of ______________ is reasonable in scope.

Back 9

instruction

Front 10

One learns best if conditions are _______________

Back 10

favorable

Front 11

Name the 6 stages in the learning process:

Back 11

1. unawareness or ignorance

2. awareness

3. self-interest

4. involvement

5. action

6. habit or commitment

Front 12

What's it called when the individual lacks info or has incorrect info about the problem?

Back 12

unawareness or ignorance

Front 13

What's its called when an individual knows there is or can be a problem but does not act on this knowledge?

Back 13

awareness

Front 14

What's it called when an individual recognizes the problem and indicates a tentative inclination toward action? Ex: "Does that mean I have perio?"

Back 14

self-interest

Front 15

What's it called when an individual's attitudes and feelings are impacted and desire for additional knowledge increases? Ex: "What can I do about it?"

Back 15

involvement

Front 16

What's it called when new behaviors are directed toward solving the problem are instituted? Ex : "Then let's get this started ASAP"

Back 16

action

Front 17

What's it called when new behavior is practiced over a period of time to become a part of their life-style?

Back 17

habit or commitment

Front 18

Occurs when someone or something helps the learner learn. No one directly teaches anyone anything is called?

Back 18

teaching

Front 19

What is a prerequisite of learning?

Back 19

ownership of a problem

Front 20

Who do we teach?

Back 20

people with "identified needs"

Front 21

What is based on the concept that one's beliefs direct behavior?

Back 21

health care belief model

Front 22

The model is used to explain and predict what?

Back 22

health behaviors and acceptance of health recommendations

Front 23

People who engage in preventive activities believe what 3 things?

Back 23

1. they're vulnerable to a specific disease (perceived susceptibility)

2. the disease could have serious consequences (perceived severity)

3. they can reduce the likelihood/seriousness of the disease (perceived benefits versus barriers)

Front 24

Why do we do oral risk assessments?

Back 24

to show pt's they're at risk

Front 25

Examples of vulnerability?

Back 25

pt doesn't want to get a mammogram due to breast cancer

Front 26

What 5 needs are dental hygienists concerned with?

Back 26

1. caries

2. gingivitis/periodontal disease

3. nutritional deficiencies

4. detrimental habits

5. referrals for medical conditions

Front 27

Remember to NOT inflict your _______ on the pt or someone else.

Back 27

values

Front 28

Examples of Indices?

Back 28

plaque, bleeding, gingival, caries, periodontal and fluorosis

Front 29

3 things we chart?

Back 29

1. peridontal

2. caries

3. existing conditions wear facets, restorations, mobility

Front 30

__________ are collections and documentation of both clinical and behavioral data.

Back 30

records

Front 31

_________________ are systemic conditions that may limit the ability to perform certain tasks or may cause an exaggerated response of the gingiva. Physical/mental handicaps may limit plaque control.

Back 31

medical history

Front 32

Examples of problems in intra/extra oral:

Back 32

over-active tongue, inelastic cheeks, limitation examination in opening, or exaggerated gag respons.

Front 33

_________ observes specific anatomical features, interdental areas, recession, which are evident of detrimental practices or abrasive bleeding. Ex: root caries, fluorides, and dry mouth

Back 33

gingiva

Front 34

For teeth - observe position and include in plan such as?

Back 34

crowding, overbite, crossbite, malpositions of teeth, normal alignment, teeth near missing teeth, abutment and dental appliances.

Front 35

_____________________ will determine the current level of oral hygiene practiced by the pt; the areas where oral hygiene is adequate/inadequate; and the type of oral hygiene methods you will have to teach the pt.

Back 35

case classification

Front 36

Psychomotor skills =

Back 36

dexterity

Front 37

2 types of psychomotor skills :

Back 37

1. interdental

2. facial and lingual

Front 38

Interdental includes what 2 things?

Back 38

1. flossing

2. OPT Auxillary aids (proxabrush/tooth brush)

Front 39

Facial and Lingual include what 2 things?

Back 39

1. tooth brushing

2. OPT Auxillary aids (perio-aide, rubber tip)

Front 40

3 things we look for with oral risk assessment?

Back 40

1. caries

2. perio disease

3. oral cancer

Front 41

What 4 things do we teach?

Back 41

1. knowledge

2. psychomotor skills (dexterity)

3. attitudes (prevention strategies)

4. managment (of bad habits)

Front 42

Knowledge for disease processes/conditions include what 4 things?

Back 42

1. caries

2. gingivitis/perio

3. hypersensitivity

4. Oral cancer (HPV)

Front 43

What 4 things are included with attitudes (prevention strategies)?

Back 43

1. exams

2. prophies

3. radiographs

3. restorative work (sealants, fluorides, nutrition, mouth protectors, ortho, tobacco sensation, etc)

Front 44

Managment of bad habits include __________/________ of appropiate/inappropiate behaviors.

Back 44

increase/decrease

Front 45

3 things within increase of appropiate behaviors?

Back 45

1. antecedents/consequences effect behaviors

2. sequencing can be useful, doing things in a certain order which then becomes habit

3. positive reinforcement to encourage change

Front 46

What is the #1 behavior?

Back 46

PRAISE

Front 47

5 things within decrease inappropiate behaviors?

Back 47

1. punishment can have opposite results

2. alter chain of events can be helpful. Find weak link and eliminate/avoid it

3. stimulus : link behavior to antecedent

4. Extinction : bad behaviors may temporarily increase before tapering off

5. Incompatible behaviors: can't perform both at same time

Front 48

Recall the steps in the educational process for dental disease control - (4)

Back 48

1. assessing the pt's current status

2. determining the pt's educational and health needs

3. designing an appropiate educational and preventive program

4. implement strategies

Front 49

Assessing pt's current status includes? (4)

Back 49

1. indices

2. chartings

3. records

4. educational considerations

Front 50

Determining pt's educational/health needs requires for you to -

Back 50

correlate/analyze the assessed clinical and behavioral data and complete treatment plan w/ the appropiate therapies/sequence.

Front 51

Designing an appropiate educational/preventive program requires you to -

Back 51

address needs; consider comprehensive dental/dental plans; adhere educational/motivational principles.

Front 52

Teach at their level of ________________ ****

Back 52

comprehension!

Front 53

T/F: Produce long-term improvement in preventive behavior.

Back 53

FALSE; do not do that.

Front 54

Implement strategies suggests what?

Back 54

create physical/psychological environment that supports and facilitates open communication and behavioral changes necessary for optimal oral heal.

Front 55

When pt's are exposed to any communication that arouses anxiety, they - (3)

Back 55

1. "turn off" and stop listening

2. get angry and reject communication

3. avoid further contact w/ anxiety-arousing situation

Front 56

Practice ways communicate anxiety-arousing info to pt by - (8)

Back 56

1. put good news first

2. hold bad news - make it seem as though the good points are equal to or more than the bad

3. follow it w/ reassurance- presumably something is going to be better as a result of what you plan to do

4. phrase statements in positive terms (talk rewards not penalties)

5. avoid damaging pt's pride

6. capitalize pt's need to have approval

7. use of visual aids

8. enhance pt's self-esteem

Front 57

____________ - visual aids used x-rays and drawings to illustrate cavities.

Back 57

minimal fear

Front 58

__________ - visual aids were photographs of mild cases of tooth decay and oral diseases

Back 58

moderate appeal

Front 59

______________ - appeal visual aids used photographic slides to show realistic cases of advanced tooth decay and oral diseases. Ex : "This could happen to you"

Back 59

strong fear

Front 60

Results showed that more of those who received the ______________ appeal followed the recommendations.

Back 60

moderate fear (strong fear is not effective)

Front 61

Step size depends upon the ______ and __________ of the learner, and by the kind of _____________ required.

Back 61

1. skills

2. interests

3. performance

Front 62

3 kinds of feedback involved in plaque instruction include?

Back 62

1. knowledge of plaque control for pt by hygienist

2. knowledge of results for pt by pt him/herself

3. knowledge of instructional results for hygienist

Front 63

Use __________________ to support and encourage learning.

Back 63

positive reinforcement

Front 64

_____________ is letting the pt learn at his own rate.

Back 64

self-pacing

Front 65

_____________ is used to refer to reasons or forces that produce a given behavior.

Back 65

motivation

Front 66

Who established a theory that inner forces/needs drive a person to action? What is it called?

Back 66

1. Abraham Maslow

2. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Front 67

Name the 5 levels of Maslow's Heirarchy of Needs :

Back 67

1. Physiological

2. Security

3. Social

4. Esteem

5. Self-Actualization

Front 68

Physiological includes?

Back 68

Food, shelter, warmth, rest, and reproduction

Front 69

Security includes?

Back 69

protection from physical and economic peril

Front 70

Social includes?

Back 70

sense of belonging, acceptance, friendship and love

Front 71

Esteem includes?

Back 71

self-esteem: personal worth, dignity, competence, independence, esteem of others

Front 72

Self-actualization includes?

Back 72

self-fulfillment and self-realization

Front 73

Does knowledge motivate alone?

Back 73

NO!

Front 74

____________ is the internal/external driving forces that prompt a person to act; the drive that pushes a person to satisfy a need; the incentive to act.

Back 74

movitiation

Front 75

Short-range goals are less remote and more easily _______.

Back 75

attained

Front 76

Goals should be _________ & ___________ in order to be meaningful.

Back 76

attractive and attainable

Front 77

What is necessary for learning?

Back 77

goal-directed activity

Front 78

What is a fundamental part of every learning situation?

Back 78

motivation

Front 79

5 components of motivation -

Back 79

1. motive

2. need

3. drive

4. incentive

5. emotions

Front 80

_____________ is a force that pulls a person toward a particular behavior.

Back 80

incentive

Front 81

__________ is a stimulus that moves a person toward a behavior designed to achieve a specific goal.

Back 81

motive

Front 82

_________ is a lack of something that one requires or desires.

Back 82

need

Front 83

________ is a force that pushes a person to act.

Back 83

drive

Front 84

All the components interact to produce ____________

Back 84

behavior!

Front 85

_______________ motivation is forced to do something by something or someone else. Resentment/avoidance can result.

Back 85

external (extrinsic)

Front 86

______________ motivation is the want to do something; self generated by desire, belief and value.

Back 86

internal (intrinsic)

Front 87

Which type of motivation is more likely to induce long-term changes in attitudes/behaviors and more likely to continue toward a goal?

Back 87

intrinsic

Front 88

Examples of extrinsic motivation?

Back 88

praise, encouragement, material awards, punishment or removal of rewards, fears/threats.

Front 89

5 examples of effective teaching techniques?

Back 89

1. modeling

2. prompting

3. cueing

4. feedback

5. professionally produced materials

Front 90

Cueing =

Back 90

reminder notes

Front 91

How is change maintained? (3)

Back 91

1. fading

2. follow-up

3. backsliding

Front 92

_____________ is a rewarding behavior that can contribute to habit formation.

Back 92

fading

Front 93

Backsliding =

Back 93

regression/relapse (fall black)

Front 94

For recall/recare, the more drastic the change in behavior, the more frequent the _________ should be.

Back 94

recall

Front 95

Recall intervals should be based on the amount of ________________ and the individuals needs.

Back 95

inflammation

Front 96

__________ are general statements of what an instructor wants a student to learn.

Back 96

goals

Front 97

____________ are specific statements of what will occur as the result of instruction.

Back 97

objectives

Front 98

_____________ can be oriented toward behaviors (psychomotor), knowledge (cognitive) or attitudes (affective).

Back 98

objectives

Front 99

________ can adhere directly to the surfaces of teeth.

Back 99

stains

Front 100

________ can be contained within calculus and soft deposits on the teeth.

Back 100

stains

Front 101

__________ can be incorporated within the tooth structure or restorative material.

Back 101

stains

Front 102

___________ stains occur within the tooth substance.

Back 102

intrinsic

Front 103

_____________ stains occur on the external surfaces of the tooth

Back 103

extrinsic

Front 104

_______________ are stains that originate from within the tooth and are always intrinsic; frequently are discolorations of the dentin reflecting through enamel.

Back 104

endogenous

Front 105

examples of endogenous?

Back 105

drugs, changes in pulp tissue of pulpless teeth, and imperfect tooth development

Front 106

ways of removal for endogenous?

Back 106

bleaching, porcelain crowns and veneers

Front 107

_______________ stains originate from an external source

Back 107

exogenous

Front 108

_________________ stain becomes incorporated into the tooth surface.

Back 108

exogenous intrinsic

Front 109

examples of exogenous intrinsic?

Back 109

restorative materials and dental caries

Front 110

ways of removal for exogenous intrinsic?

Back 110

bleaching or prosthetic coverage

Front 111

__________________ stain remain on the tooth surface or on deposits

Back 111

exogenous extrinsic

Front 112

examples of exogenous extrinsic?

Back 112

drugs, food, tobacco products, chromogenic bacteria

Front 113

ways of removal for exogenous extrinsic?

Back 113

plaque removal by pt through home care, scaling, root planing, polishing and prophy jet.

Front 114

Which kind of stains are we able to remove?

Back 114

exogenous extrinsic

Front 115

______________________ stains originate w/ in the tooth and occur w/ in the tooth

Back 115

endogenous intrinsic

Front 116

Types of endogenous intrinsic stains? (9)

Back 116

1. fluorosis

2. tetracycline

3. pulpal necrosis

4. enamel hypoplasia (hypocalcification)

5. amelogenesis imperfecta

6. dentinogenesis imperfecta

7. porphyria

8. jaundice

9. erythroblastosis fetalis

Front 117

More than ___ ppm of fluoride causes fluorosis.

Back 117

2

Front 118

Characteristics of tetracycline - (4)

Back 118

1. affinity for mineralized tissues

2. pass placenta 3rd trimester

3. light green, yellow to gray

4. occur in area of tooth developing at time of ingestion

Front 119

Characteristics of pulpal necrosis - (2)

Back 119

1. blood pigments penetrate dentinal tubules

2. wide range of colors when tooth has been traumatized

Front 120

Characteristics of systemic enamel hypoplasia - (3)

Back 120

1. ameloblastic disturbance of short duration

2. white spots/pits on most teeth

3. can be discolored

Front 121

Characteristic of local enamel hypoplasia -

Back 121

white spot on single tooth

Front 122

_________________ is lack of enamel on the outside of teeth.

Back 122

enamel hypoplasia

Front 123

Premature infants have enamel hypoplasia ____ times more often than term children.

Back 123

4

Front 124

Which primary teeth are twice as likely to have enamel hypoplasia than the other opposing side?

Back 124

left upper front primary teeth

Front 125

T/F : Enamel hypoplasia can be found on permanent teeth however the problems are less severe.

Back 125

TRUE

Front 126

Causes of enamel hypoplasia are _______________/___________ ventilation as well as lack of certain nutrients in the NICU.

Back 126

intubation/mechanical

Front 127

T/F: Children with enamel hypoplasia are more likely to develop cavities in these teeth

Back 127

TRUE

Front 128

____________________ is an inherited condition which is transmitted as a dominant trait and causes enamel of tooth to be soft and thin. They appear yellow because dentin is visible through thin enamel and easily damaged.

Back 128

amelogenesis imperfecta

Front 129

_________________ is a disturbance in odontoblastic layer. Teeth appear translucent or opalescent gray/blue-brown.

Back 129

dentinogenesis imperfecta

Front 130

Characteristics of Porphyria - (4)

Back 130

1. dark yellow to brown

2. all structures affected

3. genetic disorder of hemoglobin

4. excessive pigment produced by body

Front 131

What is a type of systemic endogenous intrinsic stain that is common in babies and appears yellow?

Back 131

jaundice

Front 132

What color does Erythroblastosis fetalis (Rh compatibility) produce?

Back 132

blue, green or brown hue

Front 133

Types of exogenous intrinsic stains? (3)

Back 133

1. caries

2. chromogenic bacteria

3. tobacco

Front 134

_________ stains are on surface only, can be removed with polishing.

Back 134

extrinsic (can become intrinsic over time)

Front 135

Ways to remove extrinsic stains? (2)

Back 135

1. Remove stain deposits w/ toothbrushing/scaling

2. Tenacious stains should be removed with care. Avoid excessive polishing/abrasives. Use mildest abrasive possible.

Front 136

4 cautions w/ removal of extrinsic stains -

Back 136

1. over heating the tooth can damage pulp

2. enamel loss occurs w/ polishing (fluoride-rich layer)

3. cementum is extremely soft

4. tooth-colored restorations will abrade

Front 137

Green/Gray-green color is most common cause of? (5)

Back 137

1. chromogenic bacteria - poor oral hygiene (kids)

2. marijuana use

3. teas

4. metallic dust

5. chlorophyll preporations

Front 138

1. If pt has Green colored teeth, you DO NOT want to if demineralized enamel exists?

2. Instead, you would suggest what?

Back 138

1. scale or polish

2. remove soft deposits and initiate fluoride

Front 139

Cause of metallic/black-line stains?

Back 139

iron vitamins, ferric sulfide, anemia

Front 140

For metallic stains, a greenish color is from?

Back 140

copper

Front 141

For metallic stains, a black brown to greenish brown color is from?

Back 141

iron

Front 142

For metallic stains, a green color is from?

Back 142

nickel

Front 143

For metallic stains, a yellowish color is from?

Back 143

cadmium

Front 144

Characteristics of metallic stains? (3)

Back 144

1. anterior to cervical 3rd

2. inhaled as dust

3. can become instrinsic

Front 145

Stannous fluoride (tin) is what kind of stain?

Back 145

metallic drug stain

Front 146

Black colored stain is from what?

Back 146

manganese

Front 147

Black-line characteristics? (8)

Back 147

1. highly retentive

2. along gingival 3rd of lingual and proximals of max posterior teeth w/ a line of unstained at margin

3. black at base of pits and fissures

4. heavy to detect w/ explorer

5. teeth usually shiny and clean, few caries

6. composed w/ gram + rods, cocci

7. more common in kids and females

8. tends to reform

Front 148

Orange colored stain is a thin line on the ____________ from poor oral hygiene (kids)

Back 148

incisors

Front 149

Characteristics of tobacco stains - (5)

Back 149

1. light to dark brown/black leathery stain

2. cervical 3rd and down middle 3rd

3. all surfaces especially linguals

4. can become intrinsic

5. proportional to amount of tobacco use

Front 150

Examples of other brown stains? (5)

Back 150

1. stannous fluoride

2. brown pellicle

3. foods such as tea, coffee, soy sauce

4. mouthrinses like chlorhexidine

5. betel nut leaf

Front 151

Intrinsic stains must be ______________ in order to be removed.

Back 151

bleached