Intro To Anthro - Exam 1

Front 1

main branch of anthropology; compares/contrasts contemporary and past cultures seeking to separate the cultural universals from cultural particulars

Back 1

Cultural (social) anthropology

Front 2

concerns itself with the biological aspects of humans and their antecedents in a cultural context

Back 2

Physical anthropology or Bio-anthropology

Front 3

unearth and analyze the physical remains of the culture being studied; "cultural anthropology of the past"

Back 3

archaeology

Front 4

study the language in a cultural context; things like evolution of language and invention of writing systems

Back 4

linguistic anthropology

Front 5

AAA stands for

Back 5

American Anthropological Association

Front 6

Primary ethical obligation is to ______________

Back 6

PEOPLE

Front 7

NAGPRA stands for and what is it?

Back 7

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act signed into law by George Bush in 1990. Gives natives ownership of skeletal remains or artifacts if they can prove "cultural affiliation"

Front 8

Kennewick Man significance?

Back 8

9000 year old skeleton that is significant in trying to answer questions about the arrival and dispersion of original Native Americans.

Front 9

2D; screening of the surface of a site (surface artifacts here)

Back 9

site survey

Front 10

something large and unmovable (like cave wall drawing)

Back 10

feature

Front 11

3D; site is laid into a grid and marked by latitude, longitude and depth; depth of artifacts/biofacts/features is noted

Back 11

excavation

Front 12

vertical reference to depth

Back 12

datum point

Front 13

exact 3D location of a artifact/biofact

Back 13

provenience

Front 14

use this method to find small artifacts and biofacts

Back 14

screens

Front 15

place dirt into container of water so light materials float to top (fish scales, pollen granules)

Back 15

flotation

Front 16

black circular area, was once wood and now just carbon left from building structure

Back 16

post hole

Front 17

technique that gives a range of years for the date of a site

Back 17

absolute dating technique

Front 18

2 chemicals in relation to ABSOLUTE dating

Back 18

carbon 14 and potassium argon

Front 19

technique that determines date of site relative to other sites based on stratum (layers of earth)

Back 19

relative dating technique

Front 20

analysis of the change of styles of artifacts over time

Back 20

seriation

Front 21

study of pottery artifacts

Back 21

ceramics

Front 22

study of stone tools

Back 22

lithic analysis

Front 23

fossilized feces

Back 23

coprolites

Front 24

the study of the structure and function of the skeleton and bony structures.

Back 24

osteology

Front 25

Anthrolopologist from Cannibals of the Canyon?

Back 25

Dr. Christy Turner

Front 26

What was the DEFINITIVE evidence of cannibalism? (Cannibals of the Canyon)

Back 26

Found coprolite w/ human myoglobin in it

Front 27

What are 4 Mechanisms of Evolution?

Back 27

1. Natural Selection

2. Mutation

3. Random genetic drift

4. Gene flow

Front 28

change in gene frequency due to chance rather than natural selection; also called Founder's Effect

Back 28

Random genetic drift

Front 29

error in gene or chromosome replication; one mechanism that provides variation; can be harmful, neutral or good

Back 29

Mutation

Front 30

dependent on variation in a species; "survival of the fittest" -- only the traits that help you survive will be passed on and therefore reproduced

Back 30

natural selection

Front 31

describes direct or indirect interbreeding btwn populations

Back 31

gene flow (different religions)

Front 32

PEOPLE (2) - calculated the exact moment of creation to be October 23rd, 4004 BC at 9AM.

Back 32

Ussher and Lightfoot

Front 33

PERSON - earth is millions of years old

Back 33

Charles Lyell

Front 34

PERSON - classification of plants and animals

Back 34

Carolus Linnaeus

Front 35

PEOPLE - 2 - theory of evolution by natural selection

Back 35

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

Front 36

PERSON - experimented with pea plants; "Father of Genetics" because of it

Back 36

Gregor Mendel

Front 37

receive this from your mother; mutates at a given rate so comparisions of this can determine how long 2 populations have been separated

Back 37

mitochondrial DNA

Front 38

SIX (6) Primate Tendencies

Back 38

1. Grasping hands and feet, opposable thumbs, nails instead of claws

2. Shift from smell to sight as primary sense, color vision

3. Shift from nose to hand as major tactile organ

4. Increase in brain capacity

5. Increased in parental investment, tendency towards single births

6. Increased sociality

Front 39

theory suggests that primates evolved while living in lower branches and undergrowth by developing visual and tactile abilities to help catch insects for food

Back 39

Visual Predation Theory

Front 40

theory implies that primates evolved by adapting to high life up in the trees where visual abilities would have been more important than smell; grasping hands/feet would have been important for moving along branches

Back 40

Arboreal Theory

Front 41

_______ means pre-monkey; list 3

Back 41

Prosimiums; lemur, loris and tarsier

Front 42

How do you write genus and species?

Back 42

-capitalize genus ALWAYS.

-either italicize or underline it

Front 43

usually shows geographical variation within a species

Back 43

subspecies

Front 44

Dental formula for:

NW Monkey

OW Monkey

Apes/Humans

Tamarius& marmusets

Back 44

1. 2133

2. 2123

3. 2123

4. 2132

Front 45

Who has bilophodent molars and who has Y-5?

Back 45

Bilo - NW/OW monkeys

Apes/Humans - Y5

Front 46

What are the 3 parts to CP3 Complex?

Back 46

1. Long canine teeth

2. Canine diastema (space where canine sits when mouth is closed)

3. Sectorial molar (lower molar acts as a shearing surface against upper canine & sharpens it)

Front 47

Who has parabolic arch? and is only one?

Back 47

Humans

Front 48

When do molars show up?

Back 48

Ages 6, 12 , 18

Front 49

Where is the fornum magnum in humans? apes?

Back 49

human - fwd

apes - rear

Front 50

Who has a rhinarium? (2)

Back 50

Lemurs and lorises

Front 51

Who has haptorhini?

Back 51

Humans, apes, NW/OW monkeys, tarsiers

Front 52

Sexual dimorphism of:

-humans

-chimps

-organtans

-apes

Back 52

-88

-88

-50

-50

Front 53

Cranial capacity of common chimp?

Back 53

390cm3

Front 54

MAIN difference between gibbon and siamang?

Back 54

Siamang has throat sack and is larger

Front 55

Lesser apes are?

Back 55

Gibbon and Siamang

Front 56

Lesser Apes:

-Nest/No Nest

-Tools/No Tools

-Asian/Africa

-Sexual Dimorphism?

-Mating habit?

-Y-5 or Bilophodont?

Back 56

-No nest

-no tools

-asian

-no sd

-mate for life

-y5

Front 57

What is genus and species for 2 types of chimps?

Back 57

Pan troglodytes

Pan paniscus

Front 58

What is genus of orangutan?

Back 58

pongo

Front 59

What is genus of gorilla?

Back 59

gorilla

Front 60

Which Great Apes are African? Asian?

Back 60

African - chimp, (both species) and gorilla

Asian - orangutan

Front 61

Great Apes-

-Tool use?

-Nests?

Back 61

YES to both

Front 62

Sexual/social of :

-gorilla

-orangutan

-common chimp

-bonobo

Back 62

-harem

-harem (but solidatary)

-promiscuous

-social-sexual over the top craziness

Front 63

Tails:

-NW Monkeys

-OW Monkeys

-Apes/Humans

Back 63

-Prehensile

-Non-preshensile

-NO

Front 64

Who has nocturnal species?

Back 64

NW monkeys

Front 65

Who has ischial callosities (butt scabs)

Back 65

OW monkeys