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138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What nutrient is absorbed into the lymphatic capillaries instead of blood capillaries?
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Fat
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What is the fluid that surrounds the cells called?
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Extracellular fluid
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What is the fluid that is carried in the lymphatic system called?
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Lymph
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What are Lacteals?
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Special capillaries in the small intestine that absorb digestive nutrients.
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What tissue makes up the lymphatic capillaries?
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Endothelium
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What large lymphatic vessel drains all of the body except the upper right portion?
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The thoracic duct
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What is the enlarged portion of the throacic duct called?
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The Cisterna Chyli
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What is the indented portion of the lymph nodes, that serves as an exit site for lymphatic vessels called?
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The Hilum
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What is the name of the tonsils located on either side of the soft palate?
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The Palatine tonsils
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What are the pharyngeal tonsils also called?
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Adenoids
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What is a small mass of tissue along the path of a lymphatic vessel called?
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a Lymph node
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What are the nodes around the neck called?
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Cervical lymph nodes
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What is the hormone produced by the thymus gland called?
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Thymosin
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What are the macrophages found in the lungs called?
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Dust cells
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What is the system consisting of monocytes and macrophages, that destroy worn out blood cells, bacteria, and cancer cells called?
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The Reticuloendothelium system
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What is the general term for any disease of the lymph nodes?
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Lymphadenopathy
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What is the surgical removal of the spleen called?
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Splenectomy
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What is elephantitis?
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Inflammation of lymphatic vessels caused by a worm
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What is inflammation of the lymphatic vessels known as?
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Lymphangitis
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What is a common form of malignant lymphoma, in which Reed-Sternberg cells are NOT present in biopsied lymph nodes called?
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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
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What is the word part that means gland?
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Aden/o
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Does the Lymphatic system, Deliver oxygen to the tissues, or, Absorb Fats, or, transport absorbed amino acids from the intestine to the liver, or, does it take place in Thermoregulation?
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It absorbs Fats
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Are red blood cells found in the Lymph?
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No
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Do lymphatic vessels transport the lymph to the tissues?
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No
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Where do the right mammary lymphatic vessels drain to?
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Into the right lymphatic duct
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Where does the right femoral lymphatic vessel drain to?
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Into the Thoracic duct
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What are the veins that receive lymph from the two terminal lymphatic vessels?
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The subclavian veins
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Lymph from the arm and breast pass through which node?
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The axillary nodes
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Of the following what is NOT a function of the spleen: Destruction of RBC, Removal of impurities, Storage of blood, Absorption of fats?
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Absorption of fats
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Where are the trabecula, subcapsular sinus, and hilum found?
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In lymph nodes
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Where do T cells develop?
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In the Thymus
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Are peyer patches part of the lymphatic system, GALT, and MALT?
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Yes, all of them
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What are the small mounds of lymphoid tissue found at the back of the tounge called?
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Lingual Tonsils
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Where are Kupffer cells located?
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In the liver
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What is Hodgkins disease?
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A malignant tumor of the lymph nodes
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Define adenopathy?
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Any glandular disease
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What are the functions of the spleen?
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Designed to filter the blood, Graveyard for RBC
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What would happen if the spleen was removed?
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The other lymphoid tissue would take over its function.
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What is the power of an organism to produce disease termed as?
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Virulence
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What is an individuals condition or susceptability to a disease called?
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Predisposition
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How do white blood cells take in foreign material
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phagocytosis
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What substance is released during the inflammatory reaction, that causes small blood vessels to dialate?
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Histamine
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What is the mixture of leukocytes and fluid that forms in an inflamed region called?
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Inflammatory Exudate
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An individuals immuntiy to non-human diseases is termed as what?
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Inborn Immunity
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What is a foreign substance that enters the body and induces an immune response called?
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Antigen
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What is a circulating protein that binds a specific antigen called?
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Antibody
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Lymphocytes that supress the immune response are called what?
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Regulatory T cells
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What is the process that a T cell aquires the ability to combine with a specific antigen called?
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Sensitization
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Following exposure to an antigen, B cells differentiate in to plasma cells or what?
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Memory cells
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Which B cells secrete antibodies?
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Plasma cells
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What plasma portion are the antibodies contained in?
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The gamma gobulin factor
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What is a pathogen coated with antibodies that may be destroyed by a group of non specific blood protiens called?
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Compliment
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What is immunity gained through the placenta termed?
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Passive natural aquired immunity
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What is an immunity that is gained following a vaccination called?
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Active artificial aquired immunity
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What is a solution used for immunization called?
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Vaccine
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What is an altered toxin used to induce immunity called?
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A toxoid
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What does the MMR vaccine protect against?
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Mumps, measles, and rubella
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What is a solution that contains antibodies and is administered to provde short term immunity called?
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Antiserum
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What is a normally harmless substance that induces an inappropriate immune response called?
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An Allergen
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What is the medical term for hives?
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Urticaria
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What is an immune reaction to a substance that is normally harmless termed?
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Allergy
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Diseases which the immune system perceives as one's owns cells as foreign are collectively called what?
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Autoimmune response
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Treatment of cancer by stimulation of a patients immune system is termed what?
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Immunotherapy
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What is a common response to tissue transplantation called?
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Rejection syndrome
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The word part "tox" means what?
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Poison
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Of the following: natural killer cells, antibodies, or cytoxic T cells, which participates in non specific immune defenses?
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Natural killer cells
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Inflammatory reaction and interferon participate in what?
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Non specific defenses
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What substance causes the blood vessels to dialate?
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Histamine
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What is an immunoglobulin?
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An antibody
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What does humoral immunity result from?
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The action of plasma cells
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What do macrophages participate in?
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Phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and immunity
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How are Tcells activated?
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By the binding proteins on the macrophages called MHC receptors and antigen fragments
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All processes that involve an injection result in a form of immunity called what?
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Artificially acquired immunity
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What is a process that results in antibody production by the recipient, induces a form of what?
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Active immunity
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What is used to confer passive immunity?
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Antiserum
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What is an attenuated organism?
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A weakened organism
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What does immunization against haemophilus influenzae type B protect children against?
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Meningitis
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What do vaccinations contains?
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Toxoids
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What might an immune serum contain?
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Antibodies, Antivenins, and Anitoxins
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What form of immunity is induced by administration of an immune serum?
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Artificially acquired passive immunity
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A sensitivity reaction in a human receiving animal antiserum is called what?
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Serum sickness
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What is an abnormal reactivity to ones own tissues called?
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Autoimmunity
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What is a cancer of the blood forming cells in bone marrow called?
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Multiple myeloma
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What are four classic symptoms of inflammation and a cause of each symptom?
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Pain-Swelling compresses nerves, Heat- Increased blood flow, Redness-Increased blood flow, Swelling- Permeable veins
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What event occurs after a B cell is exposed to its specific antigen?
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B cells start making plasma cells, plasma cells start making memory T cells
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What does myelotoxin mean?
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Poison of the bone marrow
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The movement from higher concentration to lower concentration is called what?
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Diffusion
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What is the movement of gases between the alveoli and the blood called?
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External exchange of gasses
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What is the membrane around the lung called?
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The Pleura
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What are the small sacs of air in the lungs where gasses are exchanged called
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Alveoli
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What part of the respiratory tract contains the vocal cords?
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The larynx
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What is the leaf shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing?
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The epiglottis
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What is a small subdivision of a bronchus called?
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A bronchiole
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The ease in which one can expand the lungs and thorax is called what?
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Compliance
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What is the active phase of normal relaxed breathing called?
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Inhalation
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What is the iron containing protein in blood called?
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Hemaglobin
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What is the enzyme involved in the conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions called?
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Carbonic Anhydrase
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What is the nerve that stimulates the diaphragm called?
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The phrenic nerve
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What is a rise in the blood level of carbon dioxide called?
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Hypercapnia
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What is the amount of air moved into or out of the lungs in quiet breathing called?
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The tidal volume
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Rapid breathing during a race/excercise, the altered breathing pattern is termed what?
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Tachypnea
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What is lower thatn normal oxygen concentration in the blood called?
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Hypoxemia
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What are the small tumors that form as a result of chronic sinusitis called?
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Polyps
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What is an upper respiratory infection that is characterized by a loud barking cough and breathing difficulties called?
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Group
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What is the medical term for hay fever?
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Allergic Rhinitis
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What does COPD stand for?
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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What is the chronic disease that destroys Alveoli called?
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Emphysema
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What is the term for a collapsed lung in infants, that is caused by insufficient surfacant production?
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Atelactasis
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What is a malignanat lung cancer originating in a bronchus called?
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Bronchogenic Carcinoma
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What is the process of removing fluid from the pleural space called?
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Thoracentisis
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What is the technique called that is used on a person that is not breathing and does not have a heart beat called?
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
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What is a bronchoscope?
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An instrument used to examine the respiratory tract and take biopsies of lung tumors
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What does the word part "or/o" mean?
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Mouth
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During which phase of respiration does the diaphragm contract?
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Pulmonary Ventilation
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At the lungs what diffuses into the blood and into the Alveoli?
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Oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the Alveoli
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What is the most superior portion of the pharynx called?
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Nasopharynx
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What are characteristics for the tissue of the trachea?
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Epithelial, Pseudostratified, columnar
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What is the Adam's apple formed by?
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The thyroid cartilage
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What is surrounded by cartilage rings?
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The trachea
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Of the following structures what is found in the nasal septum: The Vomer, Conchae, Nasopharynx
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The Vomer
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What is the amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs by maximum exhalation, following maximum inhalation called?
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Vital capicity
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In respiration what are the neck and abdominal muscels used for?
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Forceful exhalation
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How is most of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
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In the form of bicarbonate ions
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How does oxygen move from the lungs to the blood?
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Diffusion
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Where are the chemoreceptors that regulate breathing located?
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In the carotid artery and the aorta
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What is the substance that binds to the central chemoreceptors?
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Hydrogen Ions
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What does orthopena mean?
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A breathing difficulty that is relieved by sitting upright
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Of the following what results in the greatest increase in blood: Apnea, Tachypnea, Hyperpnea, Dyspnea
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Apnea
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What is hypoxemia?
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A deficiency of oxygen in the blood
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What is the medical term for a nosebleed?
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Epistaxis
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What is an example of an upper respiratory infection?
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Acute Coryza
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What is the fluid that accumulates in the alveoli of patients with pneumonia called?
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Exudate
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Pneumothorax refers to accumulation where?
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The pleural space
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How is air or fluid removed from the pleural space?
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Thoracentisis
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What is an incesion into the trachea called?
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Tracheotomy
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What does the word part "spir/o" mean?
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Breathing
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What would the affects of a persons breathing pattern be if there was an increase in acidity of cerebrospinal fluid
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Carbon dioxide would rise, causing hypercapnia, which would trigger ventilation.
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Compare and contrast Emphysema and Chronic bronchitis.
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Both are COPD, Emphysema is dialation and destruction of the alveoli and chronic bronchitis is due to inflammation of the airway linings that produce excessive secretions
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