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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phoneme
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a class of speech sounds that are considered to be the same sound by a native speaker
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phonemes
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what we have been calling the basic form of a sound sensed in your mind rather than spoken or heard
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allophone
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the members of a class of speech sounds that are considered to be the same by a native speaker
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articulatory phonetics
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study of how speech sounds are made
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acoustic phonetics
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study of the transmission and physical properties of speech sounds
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auditory phonetics
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study of how speech sounds are perceived
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complementary distribution
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wherever you find p you dont find ph, aspirated v. unaspirated
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contrastive distribution
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exchange one vowel and give different word
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minimal pair
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boat, bit
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onomatopoeic words
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click, buzz, etc.
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innateness hypothesis
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chomsky
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imitation
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copying syntax patterns
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reinforcement
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teaching, with good and bad rewards
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analogy
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comparing patterns to previous sentences and coming up with new sentences having exchange words
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structured input
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?
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active construction of grammar
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?
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moterese
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simplified vocabulary, simplified phonology,exaggerated pitch and intonation, many quesitons by moters, imperatives by fathers
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baby talk words
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wa wa choo choo, tummy, etc.
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milestones of language acquisition
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cooing(c. 1 mo.), babbling (6-8 mo.), first words (c. 12 mo), two words (18-24 mo.)
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sociolinguistics
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study of the interrelationships of langauge varieties and social structure
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phonetic variation
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variation in sounds
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phonological variation
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variation in the way sounds are put together
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morphological variation
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change in endings
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syntactic variation
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yup
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lexical variation
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etc.
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dialect
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any variety of a language spoken by a group of people that si characterized by systematic differences from other varieties of the same languge in terms of structural or lexical features
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accent
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pattern of pronunciation particular to a certain dialect
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speech styles
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variation in speech based on factors such as topc, setting and addressee, and they are normally described in terms of degrees of formatlity
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slang
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stylistic choices in vocab than with systemic lexical diff.
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speech community
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e.g. deaf community
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registers
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different levels of speech formality
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lingua franca
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language common to speakers of diverse languages that can be used for communication and commerce
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pidgin
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simple but rule-governed language developed for communication among speakers of mutually unintelligible languages
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creoles
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language that was once ap idgin and later becomes the first language of a speech community through its being leanred by children
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diachronic linguistics
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historical linguistics
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T or F: If two langauges share some similiar form-meaning mappings, they must be related.
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F-- borrowing
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T or F: When determining whether two languages are related or not, we must make sure that there are a large number of correlations between form and meaning across the two languages
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True
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logographic writing system
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symbol represents a word or morpheme (Chinese)
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'syllabic
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symbol represents syllable
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consonanatl alphabetic
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each symbol represents a consonant, (vowels can be makred by diacritics) Hebrew
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alphabetic
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each symbol represents a vowel or consonant (hangul)
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phonographic symbols
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european languages are nearly exclusively written in this
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kanji
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borrowed chinese character
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pinyin
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spelling system of chines, pay attention to chinese
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