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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the first feature of the Information Processing approach? |
The IP approach is built on the classic computer analogy 1. The 'hardware' is the increase in the system‟s storage capacity (i.e. the brain growing), 2. The 'software' is the improving use of processing strategies (learning rules) |
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What is the second feature of the Information Processing approach? |
This approach focuses on cognitive PROCESSES (e.g. memory and encoding) used by children when problem-solving |
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What limitations do younger children have according to this approach? |
Younger children have limitations in their ability to process information 1. They fail to take in all the information available (an input / encoding failure) 2. They do not remember it long enough to use it (a processing failure) |
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What happens as children grow according to this approach? |
As children grow they: 1. use more sophisticated strategies for remembering 2.use them more flexibly 3.apply them to an increasing variety of problems |
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Describe Siegler's Wave Model. |
According to Siegler, children do not develop information processing strategies in the same way as Piaget. He said that children may test lots of rules before deciding on the right one Performance may get worse, before it gets better Thus, development is a process of ‘overlapping waves’ The rules become more complex as they get older, e.g. children can allow for several variables at once |
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What is Siegler's key study into cognitive development? |
Children were shown a balance scale with 4 equally spaced pegs on either side of the fulcrum Weights were placed on some of the pegs The child had to predict which side of the balance would go down, or whether it would remain in balance Results: the younger children focused on number of weights, whereas the older children took both weight and distance into account |
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What is the role of the teacher in education according to this approach? |
Children have limited capacity to process information Therefore, the teacher’s role is to help children find strategies for reducing memory load: simplifying tasks, pointing out important features and recapping key points |
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What do IP believe about the development of metacognition? |
As children get older, they become aware of their own cognitive processes. They can monitor their own progress better e.g. A Child learning to read needs to be aware of which words it knows/doesn‟t know; which sentences it understands/doesn‟t understand; how to get the information it needs Research shows that younger/poorer readers are less skilled at metacognitive tasks |
