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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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rhetoric |
Arguments that attempt to persuade a person or audience that a particular statement is true or false, regardless of whether it actually is true or false. |
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Logic |
Sound deductive arguments |
Logos |
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Semantic Rules |
Rules which govern meaning and reference |
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Speech Acts |
A speech act is the conventional move that a remark makes in a language exchange |
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Propositions logic |
branch of logic deals with connectives such as “and” and “or,” which allow us to build up compound propositions from simpler ones |
Formal language |
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Formal Language |
. |
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Natural Language |
Any spoken language |
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Modus Ponens |
Affirming the Antecedent = Modus Ponens (valid) If p then q. P therefore q. |
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Modus Tolleus |
Denying the Consequent = Modus Tollens (valid) If p then q. Not p therefore not q. |
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Confirming the Consequent |
Invalid. If p then q. Q therefore p. |
Formal falocy |
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Denying the Consequent |
Valid If p then q. Not p therefore not q. |
Modus tollens |
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Valid |
An argument is valid if it is impossible for all the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false argument cannot have a false conclusion when the premises are true |
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Sound |
The premises are all true |
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Propositions |
Statements with a truth value. |
True or false |
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Premises |
Given reasons for the conclusion |
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Impersonal normative justification |
works on anyone |
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Reasons for arguments |
Justification or explanation |
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Semantic conventions |
Govern meanings of words |
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Syntactic |
Govern how we structure sentences |
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Gricen Rules |
Quantity - say appropriate amounts for situation Quality - provide truthful information Relevance - stick to the subject under discussion Manor - be orderly, be brief, avoid ambiguity |
Quantity, quality, relevance,manor |
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Two types of arguments |
1. Deductive 2. Inductive |
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Conjunctive |
& and, but, although, however, moreover |
& |
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Disjunctive |
OR v |
v |
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Disjunctive not both |
Exclusive OR v_ |
V_ |
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Conditional |
If then |
> |
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Propositional connectives |
terms that allow us to build new propositions from old ones, usually combining two or more propositions into a single proposition. |
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propositional form |
It is a pattern, or form, for a whole series of propositions |
P&Q |
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Recursive language |
Infinite amount of meaningful statements. |
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