Infection Control

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Bloodborne Pathogens

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Disease causing microorganisms that may be present in human blood.Commonly known bloodborne pathogens (etc-HIV,HBV)

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HIV

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Human immunodefiency virus attacks the immune system and can take up to a year for a blood test to become positive following transmission.

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HBV

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"Hep B" virus attacks the liver. A person's blood will test positive for the HBV surface antigen 2 to 6 weeks after symptoms of the illness develop.

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Disease

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Any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure of function of any part,organ,or system of the body that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs and whose etiology may not be known.

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Environmental Control

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Deals in different ways of controlling the millions and millions of microbes that live off of each of us.

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Asepsis

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freedom from infection

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medical asepsis

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A reduction in numbers of infectious agents, which in turn decreases the probability of infection but does not necessarily reduce it to zero.

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Surgical Asepsis

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The procedure used to prevent contamination of microbes before,during nad surgery using sterile technique.

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Chemical Methods

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chemicals that alter the environment available to the microbe.

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Heat

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The most frequently used method of sterilization.

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Moist Heat

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Is MUCH MORE EFFECTIVE AND RAPID AT KILLING THAN DRY HEAT. STERILIZATION BY MOIST HEAT IS ACCOMPLISHED BY UTILIZING AN AUTOCLAVE

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Dry Heat

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Is accomplished utilizing an oven.

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Handwashing

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Is the single most important means of preventing the spread of infection.

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Flora

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microbial community found on or in a healthy person.

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Fomite

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An object, such as,a book wooden object, or article of clothing, that is not in itself harmful but is able to harbor pathogenic microorganisms and thus may serve as an agent of transmission of an infection!TOYS!

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Host

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Animal,plant or human that harbors or nourishes another organsim.

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Iatrogenic

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Resulting from the activities of physicians. For example, a patient may develop pneumonia following the performance of a lung biopsy by a physican.

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Immunity

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Security against a particular disease.

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infection

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invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues.

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microorganisms

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"microscopic organism

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Bacteria

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Microscopic, single-celled organisms with a simple internal organization. One commonly known type of bacteria is: Streptococcal Pharyngitis(strep throat).

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Viruses

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Are much simpler in form compared to bacteria. Viruses cannot live outside a living cell. They lack the components necessary for their own survival because of their inability to synthesize specific required proteins, they rely on the host for this.

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Fungi

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Can be macroscopic, as in the case of mushrooms and puffballs, or microscopic such as yeasts and molds. The most common type of fungus in humans is tinea "athletes foot".

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Protozoa

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Are unicellular organisms that are neither plants nor animals. They are distinguished from bacteria by their greater size and by the fact that they do not posses a cell wall.

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Pathogen

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Any disease producing organism

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Reservoir

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The site where an infectious organism can remain alive and from which transmission can occur. People, animals, and "fomites: can all serve as reservoirs.

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Standard Precautions

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Incorporate the features of both body fluid precautions and body substance isolation. Standard precautions should be used when performing procedures that may require contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes, and non-intact skin. ALL PATIENTS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS.

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Vaccine

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A mixture used to induce ACTIVE immunity.

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Vector

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A carrier, usually an arthropod(mosquito, flea, tick), that transfers an infective agent from one host to another.

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Methods of Ingression

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Digestive System, Respiratory System.

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3 Outcomes for infections to be transmitted

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host
infectious microrganism
mode of transmission

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Methods of Ingression

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Digestive system, Respiratory System, Penetration, Incubation Period.

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Encounter
Entry
Spread
Multipication
Damage
Outcome

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