Infection Control

Front 1

the entry and multiplication of a pathogen in the tissues of a host?

Back 1

Infection

Front 2

if the pathogen can be transmitted from on person to another it is considered?

Back 2

communicable or contagious

Front 3

E. coli is commonly found?

Back 3

colon

Front 4

What causes gastroenteritis and UTI?

Back 4

E. coli

Front 5

Where is S.aureus found?

Back 5

Skin, hair, anterior nares

Front 6

S. aureus can cause?

Back 6

wound infection
pneumonia
food poisoining
cellulitis

Front 7

where is mycobacterium tuberculosis found?

Back 7

Lungs
can cause TB

Front 8

Name 3 common viruses and their location to be found?

Back 8

Hep A: feces
Hep B: blood and body fluids
HIV: Blood, semen, vaginal secretions

Front 9

What does Fungi-Aspergillus cause? where is it found?

Back 9

1.Aspergillosis, pna,sepsis
2. soil, dust, mouth, skin, colon, and genital tract.

Front 10

What does candida albicans cause? where is it found?

Back 10

1. Pna, sepsis
2. mouth, colon, skin, genital tract.

Front 11

What does protozoa-plasmodium flaciparum cause? where is it found?

Back 11

1. malaria
2. blood

Front 12

What does organisms require to thrive?

Back 12

1.food 2. oxygen 3.water(moisture) 4. temp (35 c or 95 f) 5. Ph 5-8 6. light(dark)

Front 13

Name the 6 links of chain of infection?

Back 13

1.infectious agent or pathogen
2.reservoir
3.Portal of exit
4.mode of transmission
5.portal of entry
6.susceptible host

Front 14

What are 6 possible portal of exit?

Back 14

1.skin/mucous membranes
2.Resp tract
3.UA and GI tract
4. reproductive tract, blood

Front 15

person to person contact(fecal or oral)?

Back 15

Direct contact

Front 16

contact with contaminated inanimate object i.e. needles or sharp object?

Back 16

Indirect contact

Front 17

coughing, sneezing, or talking, particles can travel up to 3 feet?

Back 17

Droplets

Front 18

Evaporated droplets suspended in air or carried on dust particles?

Back 18

Air-drople nuclei

Front 19

contaminated items such as water, blood , drugs, solution,food?

Back 19

Vehicles

Front 20

external mechanicaltransfer (flies), internal transmission (flea, mosquito, tick)?

Back 20

Vector

Front 21

Organisms can enter the body the same routes they use for exitin i.e. needle stick, catheter?

Back 21

portal of entry

Front 22

susceptibility depends on?

Back 22

degree of resistance to a pathogen

Front 23

The potential for the microorganism to cause a disease depends on 4 things?

Back 23

1. # of organisms
2. virulence:ability
3. ability to enter into host
4. susceptibility of the host

Front 24

what are the normal defenses against infection?

Back 24

1.skin 5.ua tract
2.mouth 6.Vagina
3.eye
4.resp tract

Front 25

how does the skin protect against infection?

Back 25

Fatty acids kill some bacteria, sheds outer layer

Front 26

How does the mouth protect against infection?

Back 26

Saliva contains microbial inhibitors

Front 27

How does the Eye protect against infection?

Back 27

Blinking reduces entry washes pathogens

Front 28

How does the respiratory tract protect againgst infection?

Back 28

Cilia increase airway, traps microbes

Front 29

How does the Ua tract protect against infection?

Back 29

washes away organisms

Front 30

How does the GI tract protect against infection?

Back 30

decreased pH, prevents retention of bacteria content

Front 31

How does the vagina protect against infection?

Back 31

decrease pH, inhibits growth of organisms

Front 32

Name 7 inadequate primary defenses?

Back 32

1.broke skin 5.altered
2.trauma tissue peristalsis
3.slow cilia 6.chg pH
4.obstructed ua flow
7. decreased mobility

Front 33

name 4 inadequate secondary defenses?

Back 33

1. low Hgb level
2. low WBC count
3. suppression of WBC
4. suppression of inflammatory response

Front 34

Interval b/w entrance of pathogen into the body and appearance of first symptoms?

Back 34

Incubation Period

Front 35

Interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms?

Back 35

Prodromal stage

Front 36

When a clien manifest signs and symptoms specific to type of infection?

Back 36

Illness stage

Front 37

When acute symptoms of infection disappear?

Back 37

convalescense

Front 38

A protective vascular reation, that delivers fluid, blood products, and nutrients to interstitial tissues in an area of injury?

Back 38

Inflammation

Front 39

What are localized signs and symptoms?

Back 39

1.swelling
2.redness
3.heat
4.pain or tenderness
5.loss of function in affected body part

Front 40

What are systemic signs and symptoms?

Back 40

1.Fever 4.anorexia
2.leukocytosis 5.N/V
3.malaise 6.lymph node
enlargement

Front 41

What can trigger inflammatory response?

Back 41

1.Physical agents:extreme temp, trauma, radiation
2.Chemical agents:poison, gastric acid
3. microorganisms

Front 42

After tissues are injured, what events occur, during the inflammatory response?

Back 42

1.Vascular response:
2.Cellular response:
3.inflammatory exudates:
4.tissue repair:

Front 43

Cellular response:

Back 43

WBC arrive to site, neutrophils/monocytes:ingest/destroy microorganisms=phagocytosis, increase infection=high WBC=leukocytosis

Front 44

Vascular response:

Back 44

Local vasodilation
delivery of increase blood and WBC to injured tissues

Front 45

Inflammatory exudates?

Back 45

accumulation of fluid(edema and dead tissue cells and WBC

Front 46

Normal value of WBC?

Back 46

5000-10,000mm3
> acute infection
< some viral infection

Front 47

Normal ESR?

Back 47

Men 15mm/hr
women 20mm/hr
> inflammatory response

Front 48

Culture or urine and blood?

Back 48

Normal w/o microorganisms

Front 49

Culture of gram stains

Back 49

Normal w/o microorganism
No WBC

Front 50

Neutrophils?

Back 50

55%- 70%
> acute supurative infection
< bacterial infection:older adult

Front 51

Lymphocytes?

Back 51

20%- 40%

>chronic bacterial infection
<sepsis

Front 52

Monocytes?

Back 52

2%- 8%
> With TB, protozoal infections

Front 53

Eosinophils?

Back 53

1%- 4%
> parasitic infection

Front 54

Basophils

Back 54

.5%-1%

Normal during infection

Front 55

Results from a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure i.e.UTI after cath insertion

Back 55

Iatrogenic infection

Front 56

Clients normal flora becomes altered-fecal material transferred to wound site?

Back 56

Exogenous infection

Front 57

Name sites common for nosocomial infection?

Back 57

UA Tract:unsterile cath insertion
Surgical or Traumatic wounds:No aseptic tech
Respiratory tract:dirty equip
Bloodstream:contaminated IV fluid, site

Front 58

Name the 6 Standard precautions?

Back 58

1.Aseptic tech:med/surg
2.Hand Hygiene
3.PPE
4.Isolation
5.Education

Front 59

Barrier protection from airborne droplets?

Back 59

private room
neg.pressure airflow
mask or resp protection

Front 60

Barrier protection from droples larger than 5mm?i.e. sepsis pna mumps
protection from contact?

Back 60

private room
mask: for drople isolation
-gloves, gowns for contact isolation