Incident Safety Officer Ch 07

Front 1

What is “smoke?”

Back 1

The products of incomplete combustion that includes an aggregate of solids, aerosols, and fire gases that are toxic, flammable, and volatile.

Front 2

Turbulent Smoke, Rollover, Auto-ignition=

Back 2

Signs of Flashover

Front 3

Yellowish smoke from cracks, bowed windows, whistling=

Back 3

Signs of backdraft

Front 4

Smoke trapped above the fire, signs of growing fire, signs that smoke is starting to pressurize/

All are signs of what?

Back 4

Signs of smoke explosion

Front 5

Smoke speed increasing, smoke in hallways and stairways that move faster than firefighters.

Back 5

Signs of Rapid Fire Spread

Front 6

What are the four attributes of smoke?

Back 6

Volume, velocity, density, and color.

Front 7

_______creates an impression of the fire relative to the box, sets the stage for velocity.

Back 7

Volume

Front 8

________ helps define heat in smoke, helps locate the seat of the fire.

Back 8

Velocity

Front 9

________is the most important factor that helps define continuity of fuel and the severity of upcoming events.

Back 9

Density

Front 10

_______further defines the stage of heating and location of fire. Rarely tells the type of material.

Back 10

Color:

Front 11

What is meant by the term “Black Fire”?

Back 11

Black Fire is explosive smoke that is high volume, turbulent velocity, very dense, and black. It is a Sure sign of impending flashover.

Front 12

List the three steps of the reading smoke process

Back 12

Step 1: View the volume, velocity, density, and color of smoke; then compare the differences in the attributes from each opening.
Step 2: Analyze the contributing factors to determine if they are affecting volume, velocity, density, or color.
Step 3: Determine the rate of change of each attribute.

Front 13

What does volume tell us?

Back 13

1. Volume- tells little about a fire, but it sets the stage for understanding the amount of fuel that off-gassing in a given space. Hot fast moving fire in an under-ventilated building shows a tremendous volume of smoke.

Front 14

What does Velocity tell us?

Back 14

2. Velocity- speed at which smoke leaves a building. Smoke velocity is an indicator of pressure. Only two things cause pressure; heat or smoke volume. It is caused by heat if smoke rises and then slows gradually. Smoke caused by restricted volume slows down and become balanced.

Front 15

Turbulent smoke flow (angry smoke) tells us:

Back 15

 Turbulent smoke flow- (angry smoke) indicates flashover, is caused by building no longer absorbing heat and rapid molecular expansion of smoke gases. Caused by radiant heat feedback from building.

Front 16

_______is when smoke flows smoothly when heat is more easily absorbed by surroundings.

Back 16

Laminar smoke flow

Front 17

What is the most important observation about smoke?

Back 17

The most important observation is if smoke it TURBULENT or LAMIRAR.

Front 18

Smoke looses _______ over distance

Back 18

VELOCITY

Front 19

Density tells you...

Back 19

3. Density- tells you how bad things are going to be. Density is thickness, this tells you how much fuel is available as smoke is fuel. Thick smoke spreads a fire event further than less dense smoke. The thicker the smoke, the more spectacular the flashover will be.

Front 20

Color tells you...

Back 20

4. Color- when flames touch surfaces that are not burning they release black gases almost immediately. The more black smoke you see, the hotter the fire is.

Front 21

Black smoke w/high velocity that is very thin is...

Back 21

flame-pushed and well ventilated.

Front 22

Smoke looses carbon and color...

Back 22

over distance.

Front 23

Is white smoke an incipient fire or a fire with smoke that is travelling a long distance? Look at velocity to know. Fast moving white smoke has...

Back 23

traveled some distance.

Front 24

Is white smoke an incipient fire or a fire with smoke that is travelling a long distance? Look at velocity to know. Slow lazy white smoke is...

Back 24

an incipient fire.

Front 25

Brown smoke indicates...

Back 25

the burning of unfinished wood.

Front 26

Explain how influencing factors can affect smoke attributes.

Building or container size helps define the...

Back 26

relative meaning of smoke.

Front 27

Explain how influencing factors can affect smoke attributes.

Weather can change the...

Back 27

appearance of smoke after it leaves the box

Front 28

Explain how influencing factors can affect smoke attributes.

Thermal Balance helps...

Back 28

in the understanding of draft and draw.

Front 29

Explain how influencing factors can affect smoke attributes.

Firefighting efforts should...

Back 29

cause all attributes to change.