Invert Final

Front 1

lobopods

Back 1

unjointed walking legs terminating in a number of sharp claws

Front 2

anabiosis

Back 2

greatly reduced metabolism during unfavorable environmental conditions

Front 3

cryptobiosis

Back 3

extreme anabiosis, can dehydrate- metabolism reduced enough to withstand extreme conditions some 10s-100s of years

Front 4

tardigrade arthropod features

Back 4

periodically molted chitinous cuticle- outside of body, foregut & hindgut

striated muscles

hemocoel

lack cilia

nervous system

osmoregulatory glands

Front 5

tardigrade nonarthropod features

Back 5

nonjointed appendages

no calcification of cuticle

possible deuterostome embryology

coelom remnant only a pouch around gonads

linked with pseudocoelomates

Front 6

actinotroch

Back 6

modified trochophore larvae

Front 7

ancestrula

Back 7

bryozoa original colony

Front 8

brown body

Back 8

dark pigmented degenerated zooid

Front 9

cyphonautes

Back 9

modified trochophore larvae

Front 10

lobate larva

Back 10

free swimming dioecious larva

Front 11

lophophore

Back 11

tentacular crown- 1-2 rows of hollow feeding tentacles

Front 12

ovicell

Back 12

bryozoa, where eggs brooded

Front 13

peduncle

Back 13

attaches brachiopod to substrate

Front 14

statoblast

Back 14

bryozoa, produced seasonally in some freshwater species

Front 15

adductor muscles

Back 15

valves close

Front 16

diductor muscles

Back 16

valves open

Front 17

cystid

Back 17

house and body wall that secretes it

Front 18

polypide

Back 18

living contents of house

Front 19

ectoprocta

Back 19

bryozoa

Front 20

entoprocta

Back 20

similar to bryozoa, no coelom

Front 21

floatoblasts

Back 21

statoblasts that float

Front 22

sessoblasts

Back 22

statoblasts firmly cemented to substrate

Front 23

mesocoel

Back 23

lophophore's coelomic cavity

Front 24

metacoel

Back 24

larger primary coelom

Front 25

protocoel

Back 25

cavity anterior to mesocoel

Front 26

tentacular crown

Back 26

body region with lophophore

Front 27

zooid

Back 27

cystid and polypide

Front 28

zoecium

Back 28

secreted, nonliving part of house

Front 29

aristotle's lantern

Back 29

5 calcareous grinding plates, echinoidea

Front 30

cuvierian tubules

Back 30

defense structures- clusters of sticky, blind tubules discharged from anus

Front 31

eviceration

Back 31

holothuroidea- high temperature and/or low oxygen- expulsion of viscera

Front 32

hemal system

Back 32

circulatory structures- derived from coelomic cavities and sinuses

Front 33

madreporite

Back 33

sieve plate- water vascular system

Front 34

ossicles

Back 34

individual bits that become endoskeleton

Front 35

pedicellariae

Back 35

jaw-like pincers, respond to external stimuli independent of nervous system

Front 36

pinnules

Back 36

jointed appendages or arms of crinoidea crown

Front 37

spheridia

Back 37

balancing structures in ambulacrum of sea urchins

Front 38

tube foot

Back 38

extend from ambulacrum, have suckers

Front 39

ambulacrum

Back 39

grooves where tube feet are

Front 40

interambulacrum

Back 40

between grooves

Front 41

auricularia

Back 41

holothuroidea, primary larva- similar to bipinnaria

Front 42

doliolaria

Back 42

holothuroidea secondary larva, from auricularia

Front 43

pentacula

Back 43

holothuroidea larva, swimming metamorphosing stage

Front 44

vitellaria

Back 44

holothuroidea nonfeeding larva, equivalent to the doliolaria

Front 45

axocoel

Back 45

forms madroporite and stone canal

Front 46

hydrocoel

Back 46

forms ring and radial canals

Front 47

somatocoel

Back 47

forms perivisceral coelom

Front 48

bipinnaria

Back 48

primary starfish larva, 4 arms

Front 49

brachiolaria

Back 49

secondary starfish larva, from bipinnaria- 6 new arms (10 total)

Front 50

bivium

Back 50

ambulacral dorsal 2 areas

Front 51

trivium (sole)

Back 51

ambulacrum- ventral 3 areas against substrate

Front 52

calyx

Back 52

crinoidea, cuplike aboral wall (ossicle origin)

Front 53

tegmen

Back 53

crinoidea, membranous covering of calyx

Front 54

cardiac stomach

Back 54

asteroidea- oral, large, can be everted through mouth

Front 55

pyloric stomach

Back 55

asteroidea- small, aboral

Front 56

crown

Back 56

tentacled region, crinoidea

Front 57

stalk

Back 57

supportive region, crinoidea

Front 58

cirri

Back 58

whorls from calyx, replaces stalk in some crinoidean species

Front 59

ophiopluteus

Back 59

ophiuroidea larva, 4 pairs elongated larval arms

Front 60

echinopluteus

Back 60

echinoidea larva, 6 pairs long larval arms

Front 61

papulae

Back 61

asteroidea, epidermal outpockets, countercurrent exchange

Front 62

bursae

Back 62

ophiuroidea, 10 unvaginations- ciliated slits into interior

Front 63

dermal branchiae

Back 63

echinoidea- "gills" in peritoneum

Front 64

petaloids

Back 64

highly modified flaplike podia, irregular urchins

Front 65

respiratory trees

Back 65

holothuroidea, multibranched, water pumped in & out

Front 66

regular echinoids

Back 66

radial symmetry (sea urchins)

Front 67

irregular echinoids

Back 67

bilateral symmetry (heart urchins, sand dollars)

Front 68

stereom

Back 68

endoskeleton internal meshwork

Front 69

stroma

Back 69

endoskeleton dermal cell and fiber filling

Front 70

stone canal

Back 70

connection to ring canal

Front 71

ring canal

Back 71

idk bitch a ring

Front 72

radial canal

Back 72

5 branches from ring canal

Front 73

lateral canal

Back 73

branches from radial canals

Front 74

vitellaria (doliolaria)

Back 74

crinoidea, nonfeeding larva. essentially same as holothuroidean

Front 75

pentacrinoid

Back 75

crinoidea larva stalked sessile stage