Immuno Two: Cells Of Innate Immunity

Front 1

adhesion molecules

Back 1

a molecule on one cell surface that interacts with a counter molecule on another cell causing cells to adhere together

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anaphylatoxins

Back 2

complement proteins fragments that bind receptors on mast cells and basophils causing their degranulation (histamine release)

Front 3

antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Back 3

destruction of cells by NK cells followign interaction with the Fc region of IgG bound to the cell or microbe

Front 4

basophils

Back 4

circulating cells that degranulate, counterpart to mast cells

Front 5

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Back 5

an inflammatory protein that acts as an opsonin. it is secreted by hepatocytes following stimulation with IL-6

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C3

Back 6

a complement protein that is central to both the alternative and classical pathways of complement

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C3a

Back 7

a proteolytic fragment of complement-functions as anaphylatoxin

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C3b

Back 8

a proteolytic fragment of complement-functions as opsonin

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C5a

Back 9

proteolytic fragment of complement-functions as anaphylatoxin

Front 10

chemokines

Back 10

molecules that serve to attract cells expressing cognate receptors on the cell surface

Front 11

chemotactic molecule

Back 11

molecules that serve to attract cells expressing cognate receptors on the cell surface aka chemokine

Front 12

chloride ion

Back 12

an ion that plays a role in host defence in the presense of hydrogen peroxide

Front 13

chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

Back 13

a genetic disorder that results in an inability to destroy antigen in the phagosome

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diapedesis

Back 14

the process of moving from the blood vessel into tissue

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eosinophils

Back 15

cells that play an important role in host immunity to helminths (parasites)

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eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)

Back 16

protein secreted by eosinophil, toxic to helminths

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FcεR

Back 17

receptor for IgE Fc region

Front 18

FcγR

Back 18

receptor for IgG Fc region

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hepatocytes

Back 19

liver cells

Front 20

hydrogen peroxide

Back 20

molecule produced in the phagosome during the biochemical cascade that follows activation of NADPH oxidase

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hydroxyl ions

Back 21

one of the ROI produced following the activation of NADPH oxidase, plays role in destruction of microbes within the phagosome

Front 22

hydroxyl radical

Back 22

one of the ROI produced following the activation of NADPH oxidase, plays role in destruction of microbes within the phagosome

Front 23

hypochlorite

Back 23

formed following interaction of hydrogen peroxide, chloride ion, proton, catalyzed by myeloperoxidase

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IgE

Back 24

antibody that plays a role in host defense to helminths and allergies

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IgG

Back 25

antibody that plays an important role in ADCC by NK cells and opsonin mediated phagocytosis by phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages)

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inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)

Back 26

enzyme that requires IFN-gamma for its induction. enzyme required for the generation of nitric oxide in phagocytes

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interferon gamma (IFN-γ)

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cytokine that is secreted by helper T cells (CD4+ Th1)

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interleukin 10 (IL-10)

Back 28

cytokine that is inhibitory for APC secretion of cytokines (e.g. IL-12)

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interleukin 4 (IL-4)

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cytokine that plays an important role in the switch from IgM to IgE antibodies on B cells

Front 30

killer inhibitory receptors(KIR)

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receptors whose interaction with their ligands results in the inhibition by NK cells

Front 31

lysosomal enzymes

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enzymes present in lysosomes: defensins, myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin, lysozymes

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lysosomes

Back 32

cytoplasmic organelles that contain enzymes

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macrophages

Back 33

tissue phagocytes, differentiated monocytes

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major basic protein (MBP)

Back 34

protein toxic to helminths, secreted by eosinophils

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mast cell

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tissue cell that degranulates when ligand binds to receptors on cell-tissue counterpart to basophils

Front 36

membrane attack complex (MAC)

Back 36

a complex of complement proteins whose insertion into a cell or bacterium causes osmotic lysis

Front 37

NADPH oxidase

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an enzyme required to initiate a cascade of biochemical changes that results in the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs)

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natural killer cells (NK cells)

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cells of innate immunity that kill virally infected cells and sometimes tumor cells

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neutrophils

Back 39

phagocytes that circulate and enter tissues where there is inflammation

Front 40

nitric oxide (NO)

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a molecule that is toxic to microbes, produced following induction of iNOS, formed when arginine converted to citrulline

Front 41

nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT)

Back 41

a test that is performed to determine whether the NADPH oxidase complex is functional

Front 42

opsonin

Back 42

a molecule that binds to microbes and is recognized by receptors on macrophages

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opsonin mediated phagocytosis

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phagocytosis resulting from the interaction of an opsonin with its receptor on the phagocyte

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opsonization

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refers to the presense of an opnonin on a microbe

Front 45

osmotic lysis

Back 45

mechanism of cell destruction when a cell membrane is ruptured

Front 46

perforin

Back 46

a molecule secreted by cytotoxic cells (NK cells and CD8+ T cells)

Front 47

phagolysosome

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a chimeric vesicle formed by the fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome

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phagosome

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a phagocytic vacuole

Front 49

primitive pattern recognition receptors (PPRR)

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receptors on phagocytes that recognize sequences on a number of microbes or antigens

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reactive nitrogen intermediate (RNI)

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e.g. NO

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reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI)

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e.g. hydroxyl radical

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superoxide anion

Back 52

molecule that is toxic, one of the ROI produced following the activation of NADPH oxidase

Front 53

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)

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cytokine that inhibits iNOS

Front 54

myeloperoxidase

Back 54

an enzyme required to form hypochlorite from H2O2 and Cl-

Front 55

natural killer cell activating receptor

Back 55

receptor present on NK cells, when bound to its ligant results in activation of NK cells to kill their target (expressing the ligand)