Immuno Three: Mhc

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allele

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one of two gene forms present at a specific locus

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CD4+ T cells

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T cells whose role is cytokine secretion

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CD8+ T cells

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T cells whose role is cytotoxicity

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class I MHC (major histocompatibility complex)

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proteins present on all nucleated cells, antigenic fragments are displayed on the target cell surface within the protein groove

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class I MHC restriction

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refers to the fact that the antigen receptors on CD8+ T cells can only recognize antigenic fragments displayed on the groove of class I MHC proteins

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class II MHC (major histocompatibility complex)

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proteins present on all APCs, antigenic fragments are displayed within their groove, complex on cell surface

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class II MHC restriction

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refers to the fact that antigen receptors on CD4+ T cells can only recognize antigenic fragments when displayed with class II MHC on the surface of an antigen presenting cells

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codominant expression

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both alleles are expressed

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costimulatory molecules

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molecules that are required for activation of some cells

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endosome

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a vacuole that is formed within the cytosol

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human leukocyte antigens (HLA)

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in humans the MHC proteins may also be referred to as HLA proteins

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invariant chain (Ii)

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a protein that is the same in all cells, blocks the class II MHC antigen binding site in the endoplasmic reticulum

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polymorphism

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the occurrence of different forms of particular MHC proteins within a population

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professional antigen presenting cell

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cells whose primary role is to present antigen to T cells

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proteasome

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a complex of proteolytic enzymes that degrade cytosolic proteins to which ubiquitin has been attached

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transporter of antigen processing (TAP)

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proteins to which peptides that have been degraded by the proteasome bind to enter the endoplasmic reticulum

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beta-2-microglobulin

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the invariant chain of the class I MHC cell surface protein